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  1. AP Calculus
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Define indefinite integral.

An integral without specified bounds, resulting in a family of functions that differ by a constant.

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Define indefinite integral.

An integral without specified bounds, resulting in a family of functions that differ by a constant.

What is the integration constant?

A constant term, denoted as 'C', added to the antiderivative to account for all possible antiderivatives.

Define antiderivative.

A function whose derivative is equal to a given function.

What is the reverse power rule?

A method for finding the antiderivative of power functions.

What is a family of functions?

A set of functions that share the same derivative but differ by a constant.

Define sums rule for antiderivatives.

The integral of a sum of functions is the sum of their individual integrals.

Define multiples rule for antiderivatives.

The integral of a constant times a function is the constant times the integral of the function.

What is the antiderivative of 1x\frac{1}{x}x1​?

ln⁡∣x∣+C\ln|x| + Cln∣x∣+C

What is the antiderivative of exe^xex?

ex+Ce^x + Cex+C

What is the antiderivative of sin⁡(x)\sin(x)sin(x)?

−cos⁡(x)+C-\cos(x) + C−cos(x)+C

What is the indefinite integral notation?

∫f(x)dx=F(x)+C\int f(x) dx = F(x) + C∫f(x)dx=F(x)+C, where F′(x)=f(x)F'(x) = f(x)F′(x)=f(x)

What is the reverse power rule formula?

∫xndx=xn+1n+1+C\int x^n dx = \frac{x^{n+1}}{n+1} + C∫xndx=n+1xn+1​+C, where n≠−1n \neq -1n=−1

What is the sums rule formula for antiderivatives?

∫[f(x)+g(x)]dx=∫f(x)dx+∫g(x)dx\int [f(x) + g(x)] dx = \int f(x) dx + \int g(x) dx∫[f(x)+g(x)]dx=∫f(x)dx+∫g(x)dx

What is the multiples rule formula for antiderivatives?

∫c⋅f(x)dx=c∫f(x)dx\int c \cdot f(x) dx = c \int f(x) dx∫c⋅f(x)dx=c∫f(x)dx

What is the formula for ∫sin⁡(x)dx\int \sin(x) dx∫sin(x)dx?

−cos⁡(x)+C-\cos(x) + C−cos(x)+C

What is the formula for ∫cos⁡(x)dx\int \cos(x) dx∫cos(x)dx?

sin⁡(x)+C\sin(x) + Csin(x)+C

What is the formula for ∫sec⁡2(x)dx\int \sec^2(x) dx∫sec2(x)dx?

tan⁡(x)+C\tan(x) + Ctan(x)+C

What is the formula for ∫csc⁡2(x)dx\int \csc^2(x) dx∫csc2(x)dx?

−cot⁡(x)+C-\cot(x) + C−cot(x)+C

What is the formula for ∫sec⁡(x)tan⁡(x)dx\int \sec(x)\tan(x) dx∫sec(x)tan(x)dx?

sec⁡(x)+C\sec(x) + Csec(x)+C

What is the formula for ∫csc⁡(x)cot⁡(x)dx\int \csc(x)\cot(x) dx∫csc(x)cot(x)dx?

−csc⁡(x)+C-\csc(x) + C−csc(x)+C

What is the formula for ∫1xdx\int \frac{1}{x} dx∫x1​dx?

ln⁡∣x∣+C\ln|x| + Cln∣x∣+C

What is the formula for ∫exdx\int e^x dx∫exdx?

ex+Ce^x + Cex+C

How to solve ∫(3x2+2x+1)dx\int (3x^2 + 2x + 1) dx∫(3x2+2x+1)dx?

Apply the sums rule: ∫3x2dx+∫2xdx+∫1dx\int 3x^2 dx + \int 2x dx + \int 1 dx∫3x2dx+∫2xdx+∫1dx. Apply the reverse power rule to each term: x3+x2+x+Cx^3 + x^2 + x + Cx3+x2+x+C.

How to solve ∫5cos⁡(x)dx\int 5\cos(x) dx∫5cos(x)dx?

Apply the multiples rule: 5∫cos⁡(x)dx5\int \cos(x) dx5∫cos(x)dx. Integrate: 5sin⁡(x)+C5\sin(x) + C5sin(x)+C.

How to solve ∫(ex−sin⁡(x))dx\int (e^x - \sin(x)) dx∫(ex−sin(x))dx?

Apply the sums rule: ∫exdx−∫sin⁡(x)dx\int e^x dx - \int \sin(x) dx∫exdx−∫sin(x)dx. Integrate each term: ex+cos⁡(x)+Ce^x + \cos(x) + Cex+cos(x)+C.

How to solve ∫4xdx\int \frac{4}{x} dx∫x4​dx?

Apply the multiples rule: 4∫1xdx4\int \frac{1}{x} dx4∫x1​dx. Integrate: 4ln⁡∣x∣+C4\ln|x| + C4ln∣x∣+C.

How to solve ∫(x+1x2)dx\int (\sqrt{x} + \frac{1}{x^2}) dx∫(x​+x21​)dx?

Rewrite: ∫(x1/2+x−2)dx\int (x^{1/2} + x^{-2}) dx∫(x1/2+x−2)dx. Apply the reverse power rule to each term: 23x3/2−x−1+C\frac{2}{3}x^{3/2} - x^{-1} + C32​x3/2−x−1+C.

Solve ∫(x3+5)dx\int (x^3 + 5) dx∫(x3+5)dx.

∫x3dx+∫5dx=x44+5x+C\int x^3 dx + \int 5 dx = \frac{x^4}{4} + 5x + C∫x3dx+∫5dx=4x4​+5x+C

Solve ∫(2sin⁡(x)−3cos⁡(x))dx\int (2\sin(x) - 3\cos(x)) dx∫(2sin(x)−3cos(x))dx.

2∫sin⁡(x)dx−3∫cos⁡(x)dx=−2cos⁡(x)−3sin⁡(x)+C2\int \sin(x) dx - 3\int \cos(x) dx = -2\cos(x) - 3\sin(x) + C2∫sin(x)dx−3∫cos(x)dx=−2cos(x)−3sin(x)+C

Solve ∫(1x3+ex)dx\int (\frac{1}{x^3} + e^x) dx∫(x31​+ex)dx.

∫x−3dx+∫exdx=−12x2+ex+C\int x^{-3} dx + \int e^x dx = -\frac{1}{2x^2} + e^x + C∫x−3dx+∫exdx=−2x21​+ex+C

Solve ∫(7x6−2x)dx\int (7x^6 - \frac{2}{x}) dx∫(7x6−x2​)dx.

∫7x6dx−∫2xdx=x7−2ln⁡∣x∣+C\int 7x^6 dx - \int \frac{2}{x} dx = x^7 - 2\ln|x| + C∫7x6dx−∫x2​dx=x7−2ln∣x∣+C

Solve ∫(5x−4x3)dx\int (\frac{5}{\sqrt{x}} - 4x^3) dx∫(x​5​−4x3)dx.

∫5x−1/2dx−∫4x3dx=10x−x4+C\int 5x^{-1/2} dx - \int 4x^3 dx = 10\sqrt{x} - x^4 + C∫5x−1/2dx−∫4x3dx=10x​−x4+C