1. Infected mosquito bites human. 2. Plasmodium parasite enters bloodstream. 3. Parasite multiplies in liver and red blood cells. 4. Infected human is bitten by another mosquito. 5. Mosquito becomes infected and transmits parasite to another human.

1. Bacteria are exposed to antibiotics. 2. Some bacteria develop resistance through mutation or gene transfer. 3. Resistant bacteria survive and multiply. 4. Over time, resistant bacteria become dominant.

1. Person with active TB coughs or sneezes, releasing droplets. 2. Another person inhales the droplets. 3. Bacteria infect the lungs. 4. Infection can become latent or active.

1. Mosquito bites infected bird. 2. Virus multiplies in mosquito. 3. Infected mosquito bites human or animal. 4. Virus is transmitted, potentially causing illness.

1. Pathogens contaminate water sources (e.g., sewage). 2. People drink or use contaminated water. 3. Pathogens enter the body. 4. Illness develops (e.g., diarrhea, vomiting).

1. Mosquito bites infected person. 2. Virus multiplies in mosquito. 3. Infected mosquito bites another person. 4. Virus is transmitted, potentially causing illness or birth defects.

Swollen lymph nodes, fever, chills, bloodstream infection, organ failure, lung infection, and airborne transmission.

Fever, chills, headache, muscle pain, fatigue, anemia, and organ failure.

Persistent cough, chest pain, weakness, fatigue, weight loss, and fever.

Fever, headache, nausea, muscle weakness, meningitis/encephalitis (rare).

Mild fever, rash, joint pain, conjunctivitis, and microcephaly in newborns.

Diarrhea, dysentery, typhoid fever, dehydration, and vomiting.

Harder-to-treat infections, increased illness/death.

Poor sanitation leads to contamination of water sources, increasing the risk of waterborne disease outbreaks.

Deforestation can alter habitats, bringing humans into closer contact with disease vectors and increasing the risk of vector-borne diseases.

Climate change can expand the geographic range and breeding season of mosquitoes, potentially increasing the spread of diseases like malaria and Zika virus.

It reduces the spread of pathogens and the occurrence of outbreaks, protecting public health.

Its prevalence, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, and the complexities of its transmission and control.

It reduces the effectiveness of treatments, leading to increased illness, death, and spread of disease.

Proper sanitation and clean water prevent the spread of pathogens in water, reducing the risk of infection.

Mosquitoes can transmit various pathogens, leading to widespread diseases like malaria, Zika, and West Nile virus.

It empowers individuals to take preventive measures, such as hygiene practices and vaccination, reducing disease transmission.

Recognizes the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health, emphasizing collaborative efforts to address health threats.

Climate change can alter the geographic range and seasonality of vectors, increasing the risk of vector-borne diseases.

Travelers can unknowingly carry pathogens across borders, leading to outbreaks in new locations.

Balancing individual rights with the need to protect public health, ensuring equitable access to resources and treatments.