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What were the causes and effects of the invention of the printing press?
Causes: Demand for faster and cheaper book production. Effects: Rapid dissemination of ideas, spread of Reformation, increased literacy.
What were the causes and effects of the spread of the Reformation?
Causes: Corruption in the Catholic Church, desire for religious reform, printing press. Effects: Religious wars, new Protestant denominations, changes in church-state relations.
What were the causes and effects of the Peace of Augsburg?
Causes: Religious divisions within the Holy Roman Empire. Effects: Temporary resolution allowing rulers to choose their territory's religion, but not the common people.
What were the causes and effects of Henry VIII's establishment of the Anglican Church?
Causes: Henry's desire for a divorce and greater control over the Church. Effects: Consolidation of state power over religious institutions in England.
What were the causes and effects of the challenges to monarchical control over religion?
Causes: Desire for religious freedom, differing theological beliefs. Effects: Persecution of religious minorities, religious wars, questioning of the divine right of kings.
What were the causes and effects of Luther's 95 Theses?
Causes: Luther's opposition to indulgences and corruption in the Catholic Church. Effects: Sparked the Protestant Reformation and challenged papal authority.
What were the causes and effects of the translation of the Bible into vernacular languages?
Causes: Desire for greater accessibility to scripture. Effects: Increased individual interpretation and challenged the authority of the Catholic Church.
What were the causes and effects of the rise of Calvinism?
Causes: John Calvin's theological teachings and desire for religious reform. Effects: Spread of Calvinist ideas, influence on groups like Puritans and Huguenots.
What were the causes and effects of the religious persecution during the Reformation?
Causes: Religious intolerance and power struggles. Effects: Migration of religious minorities and religious wars.
What were the causes and effects of the Reformation on education?
Causes: Desire for greater religious understanding. Effects: Increased literacy and the establishment of new schools and universities.
Who was Johannes Gutenberg?
Inventor of the printing press, revolutionizing information dissemination.
Who was Martin Luther?
A key figure in the Reformation, who challenged the Catholic Church and translated the Bible into German.
Who was Henry VIII?
King of England who established the Anglican Church, consolidating state power.
Who was John Calvin?
A key figure in the Reformation who challenged state control over religion and whose followers included Puritans and Huguenots.
What was Martin Luther's main contribution to the Reformation?
Challenging the Catholic Church's authority and translating the Bible into German.
What role did Henry VIII play in the Reformation?
Established the Anglican Church, asserting state control over religious institutions.
What was the significance of John Calvin's teachings?
Influenced the development of Calvinism and inspired groups like the Puritans and Huguenots.
What impact did Gutenberg's invention have on European society?
Revolutionized the spread of information and facilitated the Reformation.
What was the significance of Luther's translation of the Bible?
Made the Bible accessible to the German-speaking population, fostering individual interpretation.
What was Calvin's view on state control of religion?
Challenged the idea that monarchs should control religion.
What is the Printing Press?
A device using movable type for mass production of texts, invented by Johannes Gutenberg.
What are Religious Tracts?
Short pamphlets or leaflets dealing with religious issues.
What does Vernacular mean?
The common, everyday language of a region or country.
What is the Peace of Augsburg?
A treaty that allowed princes in the Holy Roman Empire to choose the religion (Lutheranism or Catholicism) of their territory.
What is the Anglican Church?
The Church of England, established by Henry VIII, with the monarch as its head.
Who were the Calvinists?
Followers of John Calvin's theological teachings during the Reformation.
Who were the Puritans?
English Calvinists who sought to purify the Church of England from Catholic practices.
Who were the Huguenots?
French Calvinists who faced persecution in Catholic France.
Who were the Anabaptists?
Radical reformers who believed in adult baptism and separation of church and state.
What are the 95 Theses?
Martin Luther's statements challenging the Catholic Church's practices, especially indulgences.