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All Flashcards

What were the causes and effects of the Protestant Reformation?
Causes: Corruption in the Catholic Church. Effects: The Catholic Reformation, religious wars.
What were the causes and effects of the Council of Trent?
Causes: The Protestant Reformation. Effects: Clarification of Catholic doctrine, reforms in Church practices.
What were the causes and effects of the founding of the Jesuit Order?
Causes: Counter the Protestant Reformation. Effects: Spread of Catholic teachings through education and missionary work.
What were the causes and effects of the Index of Prohibited Books?
Causes: Concern about the spread of heretical ideas. Effects: Control over intellectual life, protection of the faith.
What was the effect of reaffirming traditional Catholic doctrine?
Reinforced core beliefs and provided a clear identity for Catholics.
What was the effect of reforming Church practices?
Addressed corruption and improved the Church's image.
What was the effect of establishing new religious orders?
Provided new avenues for religious devotion and service.
What was the effect of creating seminaries for priest training?
Improved the quality and education of priests.
What was the effect of banning the sale of indulgences?
Addressed a major source of corruption within the Church.
What was the effect of the rise of Baroque art?
Promoted Catholic teachings through dramatic and emotional imagery.
Who was Ignatius of Loyola?
Founder of the Jesuit Order and author of 'Spiritual Exercises'.
Who was Teresa of Avila?
A reformer who focused on spiritual warfare and strict spiritual practices.
Who was Martin Luther?
A key figure in the Protestant Reformation whose actions spurred the Catholic Reformation.
Who was Pope Paul IV?
The Pope who first published the Index of Prohibited Books in 1559.
Who was Pope Leo X?
Pope who excommunicated Martin Luther in 1521.
Who was Francis Xavier?
Co-founded the Jesuit Order with Ignatius of Loyola in 1539.
What was Ignatius of Loyola known for?
Founding the Jesuit Order and writing 'Spiritual Exercises'.
What was Teresa of Avila known for?
Reforming the Carmelite Order.
What was Martin Luther known for?
Sparking the Protestant Reformation with his Ninety-Five Theses.
What was Pope Paul IV known for?
Publishing the first Index of Prohibited Books.
What is 'anathema'?
A formal ecclesiastical curse involving excommunication.
What was the Council of Trent?
An ecumenical council of the Catholic Church (1545-1563) addressing doctrine, discipline, and reform.
What is the Jesuit Order?
Also known as the Society of Jesus, founded by Ignatius of Loyola in 1540, known for education and missionary work.
What was the Index of Prohibited Books?
A list of books deemed heretical or dangerous for Catholics to read, first published in 1559.
Define 'ecclesiastical'.
Relating to the Christian Church or its clergy.
What is meant by 'doctrine'?
A belief or set of beliefs held and taught by a Church.
What is a 'seminary'?
A college for training priests or ministers.
Define 'heretical'.
Believing in or practicing religious heresy.
What is 'spiritual warfare'?
The concept of battling against evil spiritual forces.
What is 'Baroque' art?
A style of art characterized by grandeur, drama, and intense emotion.