All Flashcards
What is the definition of Protestants?
Christians who broke from the Catholic Church (Lutherans, Calvinists, Anglicans).
What is the definition of Wet nurses?
Women hired to breastfeed babies.
What is the definition of Preachers?
Religious speakers (ministers, priests, rabbis).
What is the definition of Public morality?
Society's beliefs about right and wrong.
What is the definition of Pious?
Devout and religious.
What is the definition of Witchcraft?
Magic or supernatural powers, often feared and persecuted.
What is the definition of Carnival?
Festive season before Lent (think Mardi Gras).
What is the definition of Saint Bartholomew's Day?
Feast day of Saint Bartholomew. Also known for the Saint Bartholomew’s Day Massacre.
Define 'social hierarchy' in 16th-century Europe.
The ranking of individuals in society based on factors like land ownership, nobility, and increasingly, religious affiliation.
Define 'public humiliation' as a form of punishment.
Punishments like whipping and stocks designed to shame individuals publicly for immoral behavior.
Compare social hierarchies before and after the Reformation.
Before: Primarily based on land ownership and nobility. After: Increasingly influenced by religious affiliation.
Compare the roles of women before and after the Renaissance.
Before: Primarily domestic and childbearing. After: Debates about women's roles emerged, but traditional roles persisted.
Compare methods of maintaining public morality before and after the Reformation.
Before: Primarily through Church influence. After: Increasingly through city regulations and public punishments.
Compare leisure activities of peasants and nobles.
Peasants: Tied to agriculture and religious calendar. Nobles: More varied, including hunting and courtly entertainment.
Compare the impact of economic changes on different social classes.
Nobles: Maintained power through land. Merchants: Gained influence through trade, challenging traditional hierarchy.
Compare the influence of the Church and the cities in maintaining public morality.
Church: Focused on religious doctrine and moral teachings. Cities: Focused on enforcing public order through punishments.
Compare the education of men and women during the 16th century.
Men: More opportunities for formal education. Women: Limited education, though debates about women's education emerged.
Compare the treatment of witchcraft accusations in different regions of Europe.
Varies by region, some with more intense persecutions than others, influenced by local beliefs and authorities.
Compare the continuities and changes in social structures from 1450 to 1648.
Continuities: Social hierarchies remained. Changes: Debates about women's roles emerged.
Compare the impact of the Renaissance and Reformation on daily life.
Renaissance: Led to new ideas. Reformation: Led to religious divisions.
What was the significance of the Reformation?
It created a religious split that often mirrored class lines and impacted social life.
What was the impact of the Renaissance?
Led to new ideas and perspectives, sparking debates about women's roles and challenging traditional beliefs.
What was the role of cities in regulating morality?
Cities stepped up to regulate public morality, implementing punishments like whipping and stocks.
What led to the rise in witchcraft accusations?
Medieval ideas and societal turmoil led to a rise in witchcraft accusations, especially against women.
What was the significance of banning religious events like Carnival?
Public celebrations could get wild, leading cities to ban some religious events like Carnival.
What was the Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre?
A massacre associated with the Feast Day of Saint Bartholomew, highlighting religious tensions.
What was the impact of the growth of trade?
It led to the rise of a new merchant class, challenging traditional social hierarchies.
What role did festivals play in peasant life?
Leisure was often tied to agriculture and the religious calendar. Think festivals and saint's days.
What was the impact of increased literacy during the Reformation?
Increased literacy allowed women to engage more actively in religious and intellectual life.
What was the role of the Church during the Reformation?
While busy with the Reformation, they still had a major impact on social norms.