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What were the causes and effects of the Reformation on social hierarchy?
Cause: Religious divisions. Effect: Reinforcement of existing class distinctions by aligning religious affiliation with social status.
What were the causes and effects of the Renaissance on women's roles?
Cause: New ideas and perspectives. Effect: Sparked debates about women's roles, though traditional gender roles persisted.
What were the causes and effects of cities regulating public morality?
Cause: Church preoccupied with Reformation. Effect: Implementation of public and humiliating punishments.
What were the causes and effects of societal turmoil?
Cause: Medieval ideas and societal turmoil. Effect: Rise in witchcraft accusations, especially against women.
What were the causes and effects of the growth of trade and commerce?
Cause: Expansion of trade. Effect: Rise of a new merchant class, challenging traditional social hierarchies.
What were the causes and effects of Protestant reformers encouraging people to read the Bible?
Cause: Protestant reformers encouraged people to read the Bible. Effect: Increased literacy among women.
What were the causes and effects of nobles embracing Protestantism?
Cause: Religious divisions. Effect: Religious divisions that often aligned with class lines.
What were the causes and effects of questioning traditional beliefs?
Cause: Renaissance. Effect: Sparked debates about women's education and their place in society.
What were the causes and effects of public celebrations?
Cause: Leisure tied to agriculture and religious calendar. Effect: Cities banning some religious events like Carnival.
What were the causes and effects of land ownership?
Cause: Land ownership. Effect: Signifying high social status.
What was the significance of the Reformation?
It created a religious split that often mirrored class lines and impacted social life.
What was the impact of the Renaissance?
Led to new ideas and perspectives, sparking debates about women's roles and challenging traditional beliefs.
What was the role of cities in regulating morality?
Cities stepped up to regulate public morality, implementing punishments like whipping and stocks.
What led to the rise in witchcraft accusations?
Medieval ideas and societal turmoil led to a rise in witchcraft accusations, especially against women.
What was the significance of banning religious events like Carnival?
Public celebrations could get wild, leading cities to ban some religious events like Carnival.
What was the Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre?
A massacre associated with the Feast Day of Saint Bartholomew, highlighting religious tensions.
What was the impact of the growth of trade?
It led to the rise of a new merchant class, challenging traditional social hierarchies.
What role did festivals play in peasant life?
Leisure was often tied to agriculture and the religious calendar. Think festivals and saint's days.
What was the impact of increased literacy during the Reformation?
Increased literacy allowed women to engage more actively in religious and intellectual life.
What was the role of the Church during the Reformation?
While busy with the Reformation, they still had a major impact on social norms.
What is the definition of Protestants?
Christians who broke from the Catholic Church (Lutherans, Calvinists, Anglicans).
What is the definition of Wet nurses?
Women hired to breastfeed babies.
What is the definition of Preachers?
Religious speakers (ministers, priests, rabbis).
What is the definition of Public morality?
Society's beliefs about right and wrong.
What is the definition of Pious?
Devout and religious.
What is the definition of Witchcraft?
Magic or supernatural powers, often feared and persecuted.
What is the definition of Carnival?
Festive season before Lent (think Mardi Gras).
What is the definition of Saint Bartholomew's Day?
Feast day of Saint Bartholomew. Also known for the Saint Bartholomew’s Day Massacre.
Define 'social hierarchy' in 16th-century Europe.
The ranking of individuals in society based on factors like land ownership, nobility, and increasingly, religious affiliation.
Define 'public humiliation' as a form of punishment.
Punishments like whipping and stocks designed to shame individuals publicly for immoral behavior.