All Flashcards
What were the causes and effects of commercial rivalries in the 18th century?
Causes: European states competed for economic dominance through global trade. Effects: Fueled wars, British dominance, and the rise of East India Companies.
What were the causes and effects of the French Revolution?
Causes: Absolute monarchy, social frustration, economic hardship, and Enlightenment ideas. Effects: Inspired revolutions, rise of Napoleon, and development of conservative ideology.
What were the causes and effects of the Reign of Terror?
Causes: Radical changes under the Jacobins and defense against invasion. Effects: Mass executions, political repression, and de-Christianization.
What were the causes and effects of Napoleon's rise to power?
Causes: Instability in France after the revolution and his military successes. Effects: Military conquests, spread of nationalism, and the Congress of Vienna.
What were the causes and effects of the Haitian Revolution?
Causes: Inspired by the French Revolution. Effects: Creation of the independent republic of Haiti and further revolutions in the Americas.
What were the causes and effects of the rise of Romanticism?
Causes: Reaction against the Enlightenment's emphasis on reason. Effects: Emphasis on emotion, nature, and individualism.
What were the causes and effects of the Tennis Court Oath?
Causes: Members of the Third Estate were locked out of a meeting of the Estates-General. Effects: They swore 'not to separate, and to reassemble wherever circumstances require, until the constitution of the kingdom is established'.
What were the causes and effects of the Great Fear?
Causes: Rumours of an 'aristocratic conspiracy' by the king and the privileged to overthrow the Third Estate. Effects: A period of panic and riot by peasants and others.
What were the causes and effects of the Thermidorian Reaction?
Causes: Excesses of the Reign of Terror. Effects: Execution of Robespierre and other leading members of the Committee of Public Safety.
What were the causes and effects of the Battle of Trafalgar?
Causes: Napoleons plan to invade Britain. Effects: British victory confirmed British naval supremacy.
What was the significance of the Battle of Plassey (1757)?
Symbolized British dominance in India, a key outcome of commercial rivalries.
What was the storming of the Bastille (1789)?
A pivotal event in the French Revolution, symbolizing the overthrow of royal authority.
What was the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen?
A document of the French Revolution, it abolished noble privileges and asserted individual rights.
What was the Reign of Terror (1793-1794)?
A period of political repression and mass executions led by Robespierre during the French Revolution.
What was the Haitian Revolution?
A revolution led by Toussaint Louverture that resulted in the creation of the independent republic of Haiti.
What was the significance of the Congress of Vienna?
European powers met to reestablish a balance of power and prevent future revolutions after Napoleon's defeat.
What was the Tennis Court Oath?
A pledge signed by members of the Third Estate who had been locked out of a meeting of the Estates-General on 20 June 1789; they swore 'not to separate, and to reassemble wherever circumstances require, until the constitution of the kingdom is established'.
What was the Great Fear?
A period of panic and riot by peasants and others amid rumours of an 'aristocratic conspiracy' by the king and the privileged to overthrow the Third Estate.
What was the Thermidorian Reaction?
A revolt in the French Revolution against the excesses of the Reign of Terror. It was triggered by a vote of the National Convention to execute Maximilien Robespierre, Louis Antoine de Saint-Just, and several other leading members of the Committee of Public Safety.
What was the Battle of Trafalgar?
A naval engagement fought by the Royal Navy against the combined fleets of the French and Spanish Navies, during the War of the Third Coalition of the Napoleonic Wars. British victory confirmed British naval supremacy.
Compare the Enlightenment and Romanticism.
The Enlightenment emphasized reason and logic, while Romanticism emphasized emotion, intuition, and nature.
Compare the Jacobins and Girondins.
The Jacobins were a radical political club, while the Girondins were more moderate.
Compare the causes of the French and Haitian Revolutions.
Both were influenced by Enlightenment ideals, but the Haitian Revolution was also fueled by the desire to end slavery.
Compare the first and second phases of the French Revolution.
The first phase established a constitutional monarchy, while the second phase was more radical and led to the establishment of the French Republic.
Compare the goals of the Congress of Vienna and the French Revolution.
The Congress of Vienna aimed to restore the balance of power, while the French Revolution aimed to overthrow the existing social and political order.
Compare the views of Olympe de Gouges and Jean-Jacques Rousseau on women's rights.
De Gouges advocated for women's rights and equality, while Rousseau believed women should have a separate, domestic role.
Compare the economic systems of Britain and France in the 18th century.
Britain's economy was more focused on global trade and industrialization, while France's economy was more agrarian and reliant on its colonies.
Compare the leadership styles of Louis XVI and Napoleon.
Louis XVI was an absolute monarch with limited political skills, while Napoleon was a charismatic military leader with dictatorial tendencies.
Compare the short-term and long-term effects of the French Revolution.
Short-term effects included the Reign of Terror and the rise of Napoleon, while long-term effects included the spread of revolutionary ideas and the rise of nationalism.
Compare the impact of the French Revolution on France and Europe.
In France, it led to social and political upheaval, while in Europe, it inspired revolutions and challenged the existing order.