All Flashcards
Compare the Enlightenment and Romanticism.
The Enlightenment emphasized reason and logic, while Romanticism emphasized emotion, intuition, and nature.
Compare the Jacobins and Girondins.
The Jacobins were a radical political club, while the Girondins were more moderate.
Compare the causes of the French and Haitian Revolutions.
Both were influenced by Enlightenment ideals, but the Haitian Revolution was also fueled by the desire to end slavery.
Compare the first and second phases of the French Revolution.
The first phase established a constitutional monarchy, while the second phase was more radical and led to the establishment of the French Republic.
Compare the goals of the Congress of Vienna and the French Revolution.
The Congress of Vienna aimed to restore the balance of power, while the French Revolution aimed to overthrow the existing social and political order.
Compare the views of Olympe de Gouges and Jean-Jacques Rousseau on women's rights.
De Gouges advocated for women's rights and equality, while Rousseau believed women should have a separate, domestic role.
Compare the economic systems of Britain and France in the 18th century.
Britain's economy was more focused on global trade and industrialization, while France's economy was more agrarian and reliant on its colonies.
Compare the leadership styles of Louis XVI and Napoleon.
Louis XVI was an absolute monarch with limited political skills, while Napoleon was a charismatic military leader with dictatorial tendencies.
Compare the short-term and long-term effects of the French Revolution.
Short-term effects included the Reign of Terror and the rise of Napoleon, while long-term effects included the spread of revolutionary ideas and the rise of nationalism.
Compare the impact of the French Revolution on France and Europe.
In France, it led to social and political upheaval, while in Europe, it inspired revolutions and challenged the existing order.
What was the significance of the Battle of Plassey (1757)?
Symbolized British dominance in India, a key outcome of commercial rivalries.
What was the storming of the Bastille (1789)?
A pivotal event in the French Revolution, symbolizing the overthrow of royal authority.
What was the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen?
A document of the French Revolution, it abolished noble privileges and asserted individual rights.
What was the Reign of Terror (1793-1794)?
A period of political repression and mass executions led by Robespierre during the French Revolution.
What was the Haitian Revolution?
A revolution led by Toussaint Louverture that resulted in the creation of the independent republic of Haiti.
What was the significance of the Congress of Vienna?
European powers met to reestablish a balance of power and prevent future revolutions after Napoleon's defeat.
What was the Tennis Court Oath?
A pledge signed by members of the Third Estate who had been locked out of a meeting of the Estates-General on 20 June 1789; they swore 'not to separate, and to reassemble wherever circumstances require, until the constitution of the kingdom is established'.
What was the Great Fear?
A period of panic and riot by peasants and others amid rumours of an 'aristocratic conspiracy' by the king and the privileged to overthrow the Third Estate.
What was the Thermidorian Reaction?
A revolt in the French Revolution against the excesses of the Reign of Terror. It was triggered by a vote of the National Convention to execute Maximilien Robespierre, Louis Antoine de Saint-Just, and several other leading members of the Committee of Public Safety.
What was the Battle of Trafalgar?
A naval engagement fought by the Royal Navy against the combined fleets of the French and Spanish Navies, during the War of the Third Coalition of the Napoleonic Wars. British victory confirmed British naval supremacy.
Who was Louis XVI?
King of France whose absolute monarchy and financial mismanagement contributed to the French Revolution.
Who was Olympe de Gouges?
A feminist who advocated for women’s rights, especially in her Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen.
Who was Robespierre?
A key figure in the French Revolution who led the Reign of Terror.
Who was Toussaint Louverture?
The leader of the Haitian Revolution, which led to the creation of the independent republic of Haiti.
Who was Napoleon Bonaparte?
A French general who seized power and became emperor, maintaining some revolutionary ideas but ruling as a dictator.
Who was Jean-Jacques Rousseau?
A key influence on Romanticism and the French Revolution, emphasizing natural processes.
Who was Edmund Burke?
An Irish statesman and philosopher. After moving to England, Burke served for many years in the House of Commons of Great Britain as a member of the Whig party. He is viewed as the philosophical founder of modern conservatism.
Who was Klemens von Metternich?
An Austrian diplomat and statesman and one of the most important diplomats of his era, serving as Foreign Minister of the Austrian Empire from 1809 until the liberal Revolutions of 1848 forced his resignation.
Who was Horatio Nelson?
A British flag officer in the Royal Navy. He was noted for his inspirational leadership, superb grasp of strategy, and unconventional tactics, which brought about a number of decisive British naval victories during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars.
Who was William Wordsworth?
An English Romantic poet who, with Samuel Taylor Coleridge, helped to launch the Romantic Age in English literature with their joint publication Lyrical Ballads (1798).