All Flashcards
Who was Louis XVI?
King of France whose absolute monarchy and financial mismanagement contributed to the French Revolution.
Who was Olympe de Gouges?
A feminist who advocated for women’s rights, especially in her Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen.
Who was Robespierre?
A key figure in the French Revolution who led the Reign of Terror.
Who was Toussaint Louverture?
The leader of the Haitian Revolution, which led to the creation of the independent republic of Haiti.
Who was Napoleon Bonaparte?
A French general who seized power and became emperor, maintaining some revolutionary ideas but ruling as a dictator.
Who was Jean-Jacques Rousseau?
A key influence on Romanticism and the French Revolution, emphasizing natural processes.
Who was Edmund Burke?
An Irish statesman and philosopher. After moving to England, Burke served for many years in the House of Commons of Great Britain as a member of the Whig party. He is viewed as the philosophical founder of modern conservatism.
Who was Klemens von Metternich?
An Austrian diplomat and statesman and one of the most important diplomats of his era, serving as Foreign Minister of the Austrian Empire from 1809 until the liberal Revolutions of 1848 forced his resignation.
Who was Horatio Nelson?
A British flag officer in the Royal Navy. He was noted for his inspirational leadership, superb grasp of strategy, and unconventional tactics, which brought about a number of decisive British naval victories during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars.
Who was William Wordsworth?
An English Romantic poet who, with Samuel Taylor Coleridge, helped to launch the Romantic Age in English literature with their joint publication Lyrical Ballads (1798).
What was the significance of the Battle of Plassey (1757)?
Symbolized British dominance in India, a key outcome of commercial rivalries.
What was the storming of the Bastille (1789)?
A pivotal event in the French Revolution, symbolizing the overthrow of royal authority.
What was the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen?
A document of the French Revolution, it abolished noble privileges and asserted individual rights.
What was the Reign of Terror (1793-1794)?
A period of political repression and mass executions led by Robespierre during the French Revolution.
What was the Haitian Revolution?
A revolution led by Toussaint Louverture that resulted in the creation of the independent republic of Haiti.
What was the significance of the Congress of Vienna?
European powers met to reestablish a balance of power and prevent future revolutions after Napoleon's defeat.
What was the Tennis Court Oath?
A pledge signed by members of the Third Estate who had been locked out of a meeting of the Estates-General on 20 June 1789; they swore 'not to separate, and to reassemble wherever circumstances require, until the constitution of the kingdom is established'.
What was the Great Fear?
A period of panic and riot by peasants and others amid rumours of an 'aristocratic conspiracy' by the king and the privileged to overthrow the Third Estate.
What was the Thermidorian Reaction?
A revolt in the French Revolution against the excesses of the Reign of Terror. It was triggered by a vote of the National Convention to execute Maximilien Robespierre, Louis Antoine de Saint-Just, and several other leading members of the Committee of Public Safety.
What was the Battle of Trafalgar?
A naval engagement fought by the Royal Navy against the combined fleets of the French and Spanish Navies, during the War of the Third Coalition of the Napoleonic Wars. British victory confirmed British naval supremacy.
What were the causes and effects of commercial rivalries in the 18th century?
Causes: European states competed for economic dominance through global trade. Effects: Fueled wars, British dominance, and the rise of East India Companies.
What were the causes and effects of the French Revolution?
Causes: Absolute monarchy, social frustration, economic hardship, and Enlightenment ideas. Effects: Inspired revolutions, rise of Napoleon, and development of conservative ideology.
What were the causes and effects of the Reign of Terror?
Causes: Radical changes under the Jacobins and defense against invasion. Effects: Mass executions, political repression, and de-Christianization.
What were the causes and effects of Napoleon's rise to power?
Causes: Instability in France after the revolution and his military successes. Effects: Military conquests, spread of nationalism, and the Congress of Vienna.
What were the causes and effects of the Haitian Revolution?
Causes: Inspired by the French Revolution. Effects: Creation of the independent republic of Haiti and further revolutions in the Americas.
What were the causes and effects of the rise of Romanticism?
Causes: Reaction against the Enlightenment's emphasis on reason. Effects: Emphasis on emotion, nature, and individualism.
What were the causes and effects of the Tennis Court Oath?
Causes: Members of the Third Estate were locked out of a meeting of the Estates-General. Effects: They swore 'not to separate, and to reassemble wherever circumstances require, until the constitution of the kingdom is established'.
What were the causes and effects of the Great Fear?
Causes: Rumours of an 'aristocratic conspiracy' by the king and the privileged to overthrow the Third Estate. Effects: A period of panic and riot by peasants and others.
What were the causes and effects of the Thermidorian Reaction?
Causes: Excesses of the Reign of Terror. Effects: Execution of Robespierre and other leading members of the Committee of Public Safety.
What were the causes and effects of the Battle of Trafalgar?
Causes: Napoleons plan to invade Britain. Effects: British victory confirmed British naval supremacy.