Liberalism emphasizes individual rights and limited government, while socialism prioritizes equality and redistribution of wealth. They differ on the role of government and economic systems.

Utopian socialism focuses on creating ideal communities, while Marxism is based on class struggle and revolution. Marxism is more radical and revolutionary.

Civic nationalism is based on shared values and citizenship, while ethnic nationalism is based on common ancestry and language. Ethnic nationalism can be more exclusive and lead to conflict.

Both advocate for individual rights, but feminism specifically focuses on gender equality and challenging patriarchal structures, while liberalism has broader focus.

Nationalism emphasizes national unity and sovereignty, while liberalism emphasizes individual rights and freedoms. They can conflict when national interests override individual rights.

Both aim for a more egalitarian society, but socialism typically involves some form of state control or collective ownership, while anarchism advocates for the abolition of the state.

Flora Tristan focused on both women's and workers' rights within a utopian socialist framework, while Karl Marx focused on class struggle and the overthrow of capitalism.

John Stuart Mill advocated for individual liberty and utilitarianism within a liberal framework, while Robert Owen advocated for cooperative communities and improved working conditions within a utopian socialist framework.

Chartists primarily focused on universal male suffrage, while suffragists focused on women's right to vote. Both movements aimed to expand political participation.

Liberalism emphasizes individual rights, progress, and limited government, while conservatism emphasizes tradition, social order, and established institutions. They have fundamentally different views on change and the role of government.

Causes: Desire for equal rights, protests for universal male suffrage. Effects: Challenged gender roles, advocated for universal suffrage.

Causes: Emphasis on individual rights, questioning social hierarchy. Effects: Challenged social hierarchy, sought to limit government.

Causes: Emphasis on national identity, culture, and sovereignty. Effects: Fueled unification movements, independence movements, and nation-state formation.

Causes: Desire for equality and fairness, response to industrial capitalism. Effects: Called for redistribution of wealth, appealed to the working class.

Causes: Technological advancements, increased production. Effects: Rise of capitalism, increased social inequality, rise of socialism.

Causes: Rise of nationalism, desire for a unified German state. Effects: Creation of a powerful German empire, shift in European power balance.

Causes: Rise of nationalism, desire for a unified Italian state. Effects: Creation of a unified Italy, end of foreign domination.

Causes: Social inequality, economic hardship, Enlightenment ideas. Effects: Overthrow of the monarchy, rise of republicanism, spread of revolutionary ideas.

Causes: Political repression, economic hardship, nationalist aspirations. Effects: Short-term failures, long-term reforms, spread of liberal and nationalist ideas.

Causes: Poor working conditions, low wages, desire for worker's rights. Effects: Improved working conditions, increased wages, collective bargaining.

Advocacy for equality and universal suffrage, challenging traditional gender roles.

Emphasis on individual rights, popular sovereignty, and limited government.

Belief in the importance of national identity, culture, and sovereignty.

Prioritizes equality and fairness, advocating for redistribution of wealth and resources.

The right for all citizens to vote, regardless of gender, race, or social status.

The idealization of women in the home, emphasizing their roles as wives and mothers.

The middle class, who were the primary supporters of liberalism.

The working class, who were the primary supporters of socialism.

A form of socialism focused on creating ideal communities with improved working conditions.

A form of socialism based on class struggle and the need for a worker's revolution.