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What is Fascism?
A political ideology characterized by extreme nationalism, authoritarianism, and suppression of opposition.
What is Totalitarianism?
A system of government that is centralized and dictatorial and requires complete subservience to the state.
Define Propaganda.
Information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote a political cause or point of view.
What is Nationalism?
Identification with one's own nation and support for its interests, especially to the exclusion or detriment of the interests of other nations.
What is meant by 'Indoctrination'?
The process of teaching a person or group to accept a set of beliefs uncritically.
Define 'Anschluss'.
The annexation of Austria by Nazi Germany in 1938.
What is Collectivization?
The forced consolidation of private farms into collective units, as practiced in the Soviet Union.
What were Gulags?
A system of labor camps maintained in the Soviet Union from 1930 to 1955 in which many people died.
Define 'Il Duce'.
The title taken by Benito Mussolini, meaning 'the leader'.
What was the 'Reichstag'?
The German parliament.
What were the causes and effects of Post-WWI bitterness?
Cause: Perceived unfairness of the Treaty of Versailles. Effect: Created fertile ground for extremist ideologies.
What were the causes and effects of Fascist propaganda?
Cause: Desire to gain and maintain power. Effect: Manipulation of the masses through nationalism, demonization of enemies, and indoctrination.
What were the causes and effects of Economic unrest in Eastern Europe?
Cause: Failure to establish stable democracies after WWI. Effect: Rise of authoritarian governments.
What were the causes and effects of Soviet collectivization?
Cause: Desire to modernize agriculture and control food production. Effect: Famines and widespread suffering.
What were the causes and effects of the Five Year Plans in the Soviet Union?
Cause: Desire to rapidly industrialize the Soviet Union. Effect: Harsh conditions, labor camps, and significant human cost.
What were the causes and effects of the Treaty of Versailles?
Cause: To end WWI. Effect: Imposed harsh terms on Germany and contributing to post-war resentment.
What were the causes and effects of the Nazi Party winning a majority in the Reichstag in 1932?
Cause: The German population was looking for a leader to bring them out of the post-WWI economic depression. Effect: It led to Adolf Hitler being selected as Chancellor of Germany, paving the way for his dictatorship.
What were the causes and effects of Francisco Franco calling on the forces of Italy and Germany to help his forces take power in Spain?
Cause: Francisco Franco lost the democratic election. Effect: Franco eliminated anyone who wanted the return of the republic and any of his political enemies from the election to consolidate his power.
Compare Fascist and Communist regimes.
Both are totalitarian systems, but fascism emphasizes nationalism and private property (with state control), while communism emphasizes internationalism and state ownership.
Compare economic modernization in Italy/Germany and the Soviet Union.
Italy and Germany industrialized successfully, while the Soviet Union's collectivization and Five Year Plans led to famine and suffering.