Rural: Farms, open spaces. Urban: Skyscrapers, bustling streets.

Diverse: Variety of cultural centers. Homogenous: Uniform architecture and traditions.

Relocation: Spread through movement of people. Expansion: Spread without movement of people.

Hierarchical: Spread from powerful entities. Contagious: Widespread, rapid spread.

Acculturation: Cultural exchange and blending. Assimilation: Adoption of dominant culture, abandonment of own.

Strong sense of place: Emotional connection, unique identity. Placelessness: Lack of unique identity, standardized environments.

Local: risk of cultural homogenization. Global: cultural exchange and hybridity.

Patriarchy: Emphasis on traditional gender roles. Flexible: More open and varied roles for men and women.

Language: pressure on minority languages. Religion: potential loss of followers.

Strong economies: diverse businesses and industries. Weak economies: limited resources and opportunities.

Shared customs, beliefs, laws, and traditions of a group of people.

Visible marks of culture on the environment, showing how a community's ideas shape the physical world.

Emotional connection people have to a specific location; feeling of belonging and attachment.

When a community lacks a unique identity and looks the same as other similar places.

Increasing interconnectedness of the world's economies, cultures, and populations.

Spread of culture through the movement of people.

Spread of culture from one place to another without the movement of people.

Cultural change that occurs when different cultures come into contact, involving the exchange of ideas and practices.

Process by which a minority group adopts the practices and values of the dominant group, often abandoning their own culture.

Movement that seeks to represent all cultures equally and ensure that all people can live in harmony.

Causes: Advances in communication, transportation, and technology. Effects: Creation of new cultures, threat to local cultures, cultural exchange.

Causes: Unique history, cultural identity, natural environment. Effects: Community connection, stability, security.

Causes: Rapid social change, economic development, loss of tradition. Effects: Lack of unique identity, standardized environments, discouragement from living in a location.

Causes: Migration of people. Effects: Spread of cultural practices to new locations.

Causes: Cultural influence. Effects: Spread of cultural traits without movement of people.

Causes: Contact between different cultures. Effects: Exchange of ideas, behaviors, and practices; blending of cultures.

Causes: Contact between a minority group and a dominant culture. Effects: Minority group adopts the dominant culture, abandoning their own.

Causes: Cultural and social constructions. Effects: Influence on dress, behavior, employment, education, and relationships.

Causes: Increased communication, technology. Effects: Pressure on lesser-used languages, dominance of lingua francas.

Causes: Colonization, trade, migration. Effects: Spread of major religions, potential loss of followers due to globalization.