All Flashcards
What is the difference between a closed and open system?
Closed System: No exchange of matter or energy. | Open System: Exchanges matter and/or energy.
What is the difference between up and down quarks?
Up Quarks: Positive charge. | Down Quarks: Negative charge.
What is the difference between internal and external forces?
Internal Forces: Forces within the system, often ignored when analyzing the whole system. | External Forces: Forces acting on the system from outside, affecting the system's overall motion.
What is the difference between equilibrium and dynamic equilibrium?
Equilibrium: No change over time. | Dynamic Equilibrium: Changes occur, but the system returns to equilibrium.
What is the difference between protons and neutrons?
Protons: Two up quarks and one down quark (positive charge). | Neutrons: Combination of up and down quarks (neutral charge).
What is the effect of increasing the net external force on a system?
The system's acceleration increases (according to ΣF = ma).
What is the effect of increasing the mass of a system, given a constant net external force?
The system's acceleration decreases (according to ΣF = ma).
What happens when a system is in equilibrium?
There is no net change in the system over time.
What happens when a system is in dynamic equilibrium?
Changes occur, but the system returns to equilibrium.
What are the steps to analyzing a system using Newton's Second Law?
- Define the system. 2. Identify external forces. 3. Calculate net external force. 4. Apply ΣF = ma to find acceleration.
What are the steps to solving a problem involving a box on an incline?
- Define the system (box, incline, etc.). 2. Identify external forces (gravity, normal force). 3. Apply ΣF = ma. 4. Calculate normal force (N = mg*cos(θ)).