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Compare potential and kinetic energy in SHM.
Potential Energy: Maximum at maximum displacement, minimum at equilibrium. Kinetic Energy: Maximum at equilibrium, minimum at maximum displacement.
Differentiate between internal energy and potential energy in SHM.
Internal Energy: Energy associated with random motion of particles, stored as elastic potential energy. Potential Energy: Energy due to position or configuration within a force field.
Define Internal Energy (U).
Energy associated with the random motion of a system's particles; thermal energy within an object.
Define Potential Energy (U).
Energy an object has due to its position or configuration within a force field.
Define Kinetic Energy (K).
Energy of motion; energy an object has because it's moving.
Define Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM).
A type of periodic motion where the restoring force is directly proportional to the displacement.
Define Total Energy in a closed system.
The sum of potential and kinetic energy, which remains constant in the absence of non-conservative forces.
What is the difference between potential and kinetic energy in SHM?
Potential energy is stored energy due to displacement from equilibrium; kinetic energy is the energy of motion as the oscillator moves.
Compare energy at maximum displacement vs. equilibrium in SHM.
Max displacement: max potential energy, zero kinetic energy. Equilibrium: max kinetic energy, zero potential energy.
How do potential and kinetic energy change over one cycle of SHM?
Potential energy converts to kinetic energy as the oscillator moves towards equilibrium, and kinetic energy converts back to potential energy as it moves towards maximum displacement.
What is the relationship between total energy, kinetic energy, and potential energy in SHM?
Total energy is the sum of kinetic and potential energy and remains constant in the absence of non-conservative forces: E = K + U
Contrast the energy vs. time graphs for potential and kinetic energy in SHM.
Both are parabolic curves. Potential energy is at its maximum when position is at its maximum, and kinetic energy is at its maximum when velocity is at its maximum.