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What happens when there is an electric potential difference across a conductor?
Electric charges flow, creating an electric current.
What happens if there is no net movement of charge carriers?
The electric current is zero.
What is the difference between conventional current and electron flow?
Conventional Current: Direction positive charges would move | Electron Flow: Direction negative charges (electrons) actually move.
Compare scalar and vector quantities.
Scalar: Magnitude only, no direction in space (e.g., current) | Vector: Magnitude and direction in space (e.g., electric field)
Define electric current (I).
The amount of charge (Q) passing through a cross-sectional area of a wire per unit time (t): $I = \frac{\Delta Q}{\Delta t}$
What are the units of electric current?
Amperes (A), where 1 Ampere = 1 Coulomb per second (C/s).
Define conventional current.
The direction that positive charges would move, even though electrons are usually the actual charge carriers.
Define electron flow.
The movement of electrons (negative charge carriers) in the opposite direction of conventional current.
What is electric potential difference (Voltage)?
The 'driving force' that pushes charges through the circuit.