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Compare exothermic and endothermic reactions.
Exothermic: Releases heat, temperature increases, products have less energy. Endothermic: Absorbs heat, temperature decreases, products have more energy.
Compare positive and negative Q values.
Positive Q: Exothermic, energy released, reaction can occur spontaneously. Negative Q: Endothermic, energy required, reaction cannot occur spontaneously.
How do you calculate disintegration energy (Q)?
Calculate the mass defect ($\Delta m$) by subtracting the total mass of the products from the total mass of the reactants. Then, use the formula \(Q = \Delta mc^2\).
What's the first step to solving mass-energy equivalence problems?
Identify the change in mass (\(\Delta m\)) involved in the process.
What is the effect of a positive Q value?
The nuclear reaction is exothermic, and energy is released.
What is the effect of a negative Q value?
The nuclear reaction is endothermic, and energy must be supplied for the reaction to occur.
What happens when mass decreases in a nuclear reaction?
Energy is released, according to \(E = \Delta mc^2\).
What happens to the surroundings in an exothermic reaction?
The temperature of the surroundings increases as heat is released.
What happens to the surroundings in an endothermic reaction?
The temperature of the surroundings decreases as heat is absorbed.