Identify products within the logarithm, then split the log into a sum of logs: $\log_b(xy) = \log_b(x) + \log_b(y)$.

Identify exponents within the logarithm, then bring the exponent down as a multiplier: $\log_b(x^n) = n\log_b(x)$.

Use the change of base formula: $\log_b(x) = \frac{\log_{10}(x)}{\log_{10}(b)}$.

Apply properties to isolate the variable. Rewrite in exponential form if necessary.

Results in a vertical translation (shift up/down) of the graph.

Results in a vertical dilation (stretch or compression) of the graph.

It affects the 'height' of the graph, as all log functions are vertical dilations of each other.

$\log_b(xy) = \log_b(x) + \log_b(y)$

$\log_b(x^n) = n\log_b(x)$

$\log_b(x) = \frac{\log_a(x)}{\log_a(b)}$

$\ln(x) = \log_e(x)$