All Flashcards
How is chunking used in everyday life?
Memorizing phone numbers or social security numbers in smaller groups.
How can elaborative rehearsal be used when studying?
Connecting new concepts to personal experiences or existing knowledge.
How does priming affect consumer behavior?
Exposure to certain brands or images can influence purchasing decisions.
How is procedural memory used in sports?
Performing skills like riding a bike or swinging a bat without consciously thinking about it.
How can the self-reference effect improve study habits?
Relating study material to personal experiences to enhance memory.
How might a therapist use priming techniques?
To help patients access repressed memories or change negative associations.
How does understanding working memory help in education?
Teachers can present information in manageable chunks to avoid overloading students' working memory.
How can mnemonic devices aid in language learning?
Using acronyms or rhymes to remember vocabulary or grammar rules.
How do advertisers use iconic memory?
Creating visually striking ads that leave a lasting impression, even if only seen briefly.
How does iconic memory impact eyewitness testimony?
Brief glimpses of a scene may be inaccurately recalled due to the fleeting nature of iconic memory.
Explain Miller's Magic Number.
Short-term memory capacity is about 7 ± 2 items.
What is the Self-Reference Effect?
Information related to oneself is better remembered.
How do emotions affect memory?
Strong emotions can enhance memory by activating the amygdala, increasing attention and arousal.
What is the role of the Central Executive in working memory?
Controls attention and coordinates the phonological loop and visuospatial sketchpad.
What is the Phonological Loop?
Stores and rehearses verbal information in working memory.
What is the Visuospatial Sketchpad?
Holds and manipulates visual and spatial information in working memory.
What is the difference between maintenance and elaborative rehearsal?
Maintenance rehearsal repeats information; elaborative rehearsal connects new information to existing knowledge.
What is chunking?
Breaking down large pieces of information into smaller, manageable units.
What are mnemonic devices?
Techniques using acronyms, rhymes, or imagery to make information memorable.
What is the impact of Alzheimer's Disease on memory?
Progressive disorder that affects memory and cognitive function, starting with episodic memory loss.
What is Infantile Amnesia?
The inability to recall memories from early childhood (usually before age 3-4).
What is Sensory Memory?
The initial stage of memory that holds sensory information briefly.
What is Iconic Memory?
Visual sensory memory, holding a brief image.
What is Echoic Memory?
Auditory sensory memory, holding a brief sound.
What is Short-Term Memory (STM)?
A temporary storage system with limited capacity and duration.
What is Working Memory?
An active system that manipulates information in short-term memory.
What is Long-Term Memory (LTM)?
The relatively permanent and limitless storage of memory.
What is Declarative (Explicit) Memory?
Memories that can be consciously recalled.
What is Semantic Memory?
Memory for facts and general knowledge.
What is Episodic Memory?
Memory for personal experiences and events.
What is Nondeclarative (Implicit) Memory?
Memories that influence behavior without conscious recall.
What is Procedural Memory?
Memory for skills and habits.
What is Priming?
Exposure to a stimulus influences a response to a later stimulus.
What is Amnesia?
The inability to form or recall memories.
What is Retrograde Amnesia?
Loss of memories from before the onset of amnesia.
What is Anterograde Amnesia?
Inability to form new memories after the onset of amnesia.
What is HSAM?
Highly Superior Autobiographical Memory; the ability to remember personal events with incredible detail and accuracy.