What is Sensory Memory?
The initial stage of memory that holds sensory information briefly.
What is Iconic Memory?
Visual sensory memory, holding a brief image.
What is Echoic Memory?
Auditory sensory memory, holding a brief sound.
What is Short-Term Memory (STM)?
A temporary storage system with limited capacity and duration.
What is Working Memory?
An active system that manipulates information in short-term memory.
What is Long-Term Memory (LTM)?
The relatively permanent and limitless storage of memory.
What is Declarative (Explicit) Memory?
Memories that can be consciously recalled.
What is Semantic Memory?
Memory for facts and general knowledge.
What is Episodic Memory?
Memory for personal experiences and events.
What is Nondeclarative (Implicit) Memory?
Memories that influence behavior without conscious recall.
What is Procedural Memory?
Memory for skills and habits.
What is Priming?
Exposure to a stimulus influences a response to a later stimulus.
What is Amnesia?
The inability to form or recall memories.
What is Retrograde Amnesia?
Loss of memories from before the onset of amnesia.
What is Anterograde Amnesia?
Inability to form new memories after the onset of amnesia.
What is HSAM?
Highly Superior Autobiographical Memory; the ability to remember personal events with incredible detail and accuracy.
What is the effect of damage to the hippocampus on memory?
Can lead to anterograde amnesia, the inability to form new long-term memories.
How does aging affect memory?
Can lead to a decline in working memory and episodic memory.
What is the effect of sleep deprivation on memory?
Impairs memory consolidation and recall.
How does stress affect memory?
Can enhance memory for emotional events but impair memory for neutral information.
What is the effect of rehearsal on memory?
Increases the likelihood of transferring information from STM to LTM.
How does context affect memory retrieval?
Similar contexts during encoding and retrieval can improve recall.
What is the impact of traumatic events on memory?
Can lead to vivid and persistent memories, or, in some cases, repressed memories.
How does language development affect infantile amnesia?
The lack of language skills in early childhood contributes to the inability to recall early memories.
What is the effect of distractions on working memory?
Reduces the capacity and efficiency of working memory.
How does elaborative rehearsal affect long-term memory?
It significantly improves the encoding and retention of information in long-term memory.
How is chunking used in everyday life?
Memorizing phone numbers or social security numbers in smaller groups.
How can elaborative rehearsal be used when studying?
Connecting new concepts to personal experiences or existing knowledge.
How does priming affect consumer behavior?
Exposure to certain brands or images can influence purchasing decisions.
How is procedural memory used in sports?
Performing skills like riding a bike or swinging a bat without consciously thinking about it.
How can the self-reference effect improve study habits?
Relating study material to personal experiences to enhance memory.
How might a therapist use priming techniques?
To help patients access repressed memories or change negative associations.
How does understanding working memory help in education?
Teachers can present information in manageable chunks to avoid overloading students' working memory.
How can mnemonic devices aid in language learning?
Using acronyms or rhymes to remember vocabulary or grammar rules.
How do advertisers use iconic memory?
Creating visually striking ads that leave a lasting impression, even if only seen briefly.
How does iconic memory impact eyewitness testimony?
Brief glimpses of a scene may be inaccurately recalled due to the fleeting nature of iconic memory.
