All Flashcards
What is the effect of genetic predispositions on personality development?
Genetic predispositions can influence temperament and certain personality traits, making some individuals more prone to specific behaviors or emotional responses.
What is the effect of early childhood experiences on adult mental health?
Early childhood experiences, such as trauma or nurturing relationships, can have long-lasting effects on adult mental health, influencing vulnerability to mental disorders or resilience.
What effect does parenting style have on a child's social development?
Authoritative parenting is associated with higher self-esteem and social skills, while authoritarian parenting may lead to anxiety and lower independence.
What is the impact of peer influence on adolescent behavior?
Peer influence can significantly impact adolescent behavior, leading to conformity, experimentation with risky behaviors, and the adoption of group norms.
What are the effects of chronic stress on cognitive development?
Chronic stress can impair cognitive development, leading to difficulties with attention, memory, and executive functions.
What is the effect of nutrition on physical growth?
Adequate nutrition supports optimal physical growth, while malnutrition can lead to stunted growth and developmental delays.
What impact does socioeconomic status have on educational outcomes?
Lower socioeconomic status is often associated with poorer educational outcomes due to limited access to resources and opportunities.
What is the effect of early language exposure on language acquisition?
Early and frequent language exposure promotes faster and more comprehensive language acquisition, enhancing vocabulary and grammar skills.
What are the effects of screen time on attention span?
Excessive screen time, especially with fast-paced content, can shorten attention spans and impair the ability to focus on tasks.
What is the impact of cultural norms on gender role development?
Cultural norms shape expectations and behaviors related to gender roles, influencing how individuals perceive and express their gender identity.
What is the Stability vs. Change theme in development?
It explores which traits remain consistent and which evolve as we age.
What is the Nature vs. Nurture debate?
It questions the relative contributions of genetics and environment to development.
What is Continuous vs. Discontinuous development?
It debates whether growth occurs gradually or in distinct stages.
Explain the interaction between nature and nurture.
Nature and nurture interact to influence developmental outcomes; genes provide a blueprint, while environment shapes its expression.
Describe the focus of developmental psychology.
Developmental psychology explores how we change and stay the same throughout our lives, examining growth, change, and stability across the lifespan.
Why is it important to consider both chronological and thematic development?
Chronological development provides a timeline of changes, while thematic development reveals underlying patterns and issues across different life stages, providing a comprehensive view of development.
What are the limitations of cross-sectional studies?
Cross-sectional studies provide quick data but cannot determine if changes are truly due to development, as they only capture a snapshot in time.
What are the benefits of longitudinal studies?
Longitudinal studies reveal developmental changes within individuals over time, providing insights into the processes of growth and change.
What are the drawbacks of longitudinal studies?
Longitudinal studies are time-consuming and can suffer from participant dropout, which can affect the validity of the results.
Why is it beneficial to use both cross-sectional and longitudinal methods?
Using both methods provides a comprehensive understanding of how people change across the lifespan, combining the breadth of cross-sectional data with the depth of longitudinal insights.
Compare cross-sectional and longitudinal research designs.
Cross-sectional studies compare different age groups at one time, while longitudinal studies follow the same individuals over time. Cross-sectional studies are quicker but can't show individual development; longitudinal studies are time-consuming but reveal individual changes.
Compare continuous and discontinuous development.
Continuous development is gradual and incremental, while discontinuous development occurs in distinct stages. Continuous development is like a smooth slope, while discontinuous development is like a staircase.
Compare the emphasis of nature vs. nurture in shaping development.
Nature emphasizes genetic and biological factors, while nurture emphasizes environmental and experiential factors. Both interact to influence development.
Compare stability and change in the context of personality development.
Stability refers to consistent personality traits over time, while change refers to how personality evolves with age and experience. Both are part of personality development.
Compare chronological and thematic approaches to studying development.
Chronological development focuses on the timing and sequence of changes, while thematic development focuses on overarching issues and patterns. Both provide different perspectives on the developmental process.
Compare the advantages and disadvantages of cross-sectional studies.
Advantages: quick data collection. Disadvantages: cannot determine if changes are due to development.
Compare the advantages and disadvantages of longitudinal studies.
Advantages: reveals developmental changes within individuals. Disadvantages: time-consuming, participant dropout.
Compare the roles of genes and environment in determining intelligence.
Genes provide a potential range for intelligence, while environment influences where within that range an individual's intelligence falls.
Compare the effects of authoritative and authoritarian parenting styles.
Authoritative parenting leads to higher self-esteem and independence, while authoritarian parenting can lead to anxiety and lower independence.
Compare the impacts of early and late maturation on adolescent development.
Early maturation can lead to social advantages for boys but increased risk of anxiety for girls, while late maturation can lead to feelings of inadequacy for boys and social disadvantages for girls.