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Explain the concept of standardization in testing.
Ensuring uniform procedures and grading to allow for fair comparison across test takers; scores often follow a normal curve.
What does it mean for a test to be reliable?
The test yields consistent results over time; a person should score similarly if they take the test multiple times.
What does it mean for a test to be valid?
The test accurately measures what it is intended to measure; it's about accuracy, not just consistency.
Explain the difference between achievement and aptitude tests.
Achievement tests measure what you've learned, while aptitude tests predict future performance.
Explain Binet's concept of mental age.
Mental age represents the intellectual level at which a person is functioning, regardless of their chronological age.
How does stereotype threat affect test performance?
Awareness of negative stereotypes can cause anxiety and impair performance on tests.
What is the significance of the normal curve in intelligence testing?
Intelligence scores often follow a normal distribution, with most people scoring near the average.
What is the Stanford-Binet test?
An intelligence test that is deviation-based, comparing your score to others of the same age.
What is the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)?
The most widely used intelligence test; includes subtests for similarities, vocabulary, design, and sequences.
Explain the concept of eugenics.
The idea of matching people with high IQs together to reproduce, which is ethically problematic.
Define standardization in testing.
Uniform testing procedures and grading for all test takers.
What is reliability in psychological testing?
The consistency of a test's results over multiple administrations.
Define validity in psychological testing.
The extent to which a test measures what it is intended to measure.
What is an achievement test?
A test that measures what you have already learned.
What is an aptitude test?
A test designed to predict your future performance or success.
Define mental age.
The age at which a person functions intellectually.
What is IQ (Intelligence Quotient)?
A score intended to represent a person's intellectual abilities, originally calculated as (mental age/chronological age) x 100.
Define grit.
Passion and determination to pursue long-term goals.
What is stereotype threat?
The risk of confirming negative stereotypes about one's group, leading to impaired performance.
Define intellectual disability.
Significantly below-average intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior.
How is standardization applied in AP exams?
AP exams use uniform testing procedures and grading for all students.
Give an example of an achievement test.
A final exam in a history class.
Give an example of an aptitude test.
The SAT or ACT, used to predict college success.
How can understanding stereotype threat help educators?
Educators can create supportive environments to minimize the impact of stereotype threat on student performance.
How is the WAIS used in clinical settings?
To assess cognitive strengths and weaknesses in adults, aiding in diagnosis and treatment planning.
How can the concept of 'grit' be applied to improve academic performance?
Encouraging students to develop passion and perseverance for long-term goals can improve academic outcomes.
How is the normal curve used to interpret IQ scores?
The normal curve helps to understand the distribution of IQ scores and identify individuals with extremely low or high intelligence.
How can understanding test reliability help in choosing a psychological assessment tool?
By selecting tests with high reliability, psychologists can ensure that the results are consistent and dependable.
How can understanding test validity help in interpreting psychological research?
By ensuring that tests are valid, researchers can draw accurate conclusions about the constructs they are studying.
How is the concept of mental age used in educational settings?
To tailor instruction and support to meet the intellectual needs of students.