All Flashcards
Compare reliability and validity.
Reliability is consistency of results; validity is accuracy of measurement. A test can be reliable without being valid, and vice versa.
Compare achievement and aptitude tests.
Achievement tests measure what you've already learned; aptitude tests predict future performance.
Compare stereotype threat and self-fulfilling prophecy.
Stereotype threat is the immediate impact of stereotypes on test performance; self-fulfilling prophecy is how expectations influence behavior over time.
Compare the Stanford-Binet and WAIS tests.
Stanford-Binet is deviation-based; WAIS includes subtests for similarities, vocabulary, design, and sequences and is more widely used.
Compare the effects of low versus high grit.
High grit increases the likelihood of achieving long-term goals, while low grit decreases it.
Compare the effects of low versus high IQ.
Low IQ (below 70) often indicates an intellectual disability, while high IQ is associated with giftedness and exceptional talents.
Compare the effects of standardization and bias in testing.
Standardization aims to ensure fairness by using uniform procedures, while bias can lead to unfair results for certain groups.
Compare Binet's and Terman's contributions to intelligence testing.
Binet developed the concept of mental age, while Terman adapted the IQ formula for adults with the Stanford-Binet Test.
Compare test-retest reliability and criterion validity.
Test-retest reliability refers to the consistency of results over time, while criterion validity refers to how well a test predicts a specific outcome or behavior.
Compare the goals of eugenics with ethical considerations in modern psychology.
Eugenics aimed to improve human traits through selective breeding, which contrasts with modern ethical principles that prioritize individual rights and informed consent.
Explain the concept of standardization in testing.
Ensuring uniform procedures and grading to allow for fair comparison across test takers; scores often follow a normal curve.
What does it mean for a test to be reliable?
The test yields consistent results over time; a person should score similarly if they take the test multiple times.
What does it mean for a test to be valid?
The test accurately measures what it is intended to measure; it's about accuracy, not just consistency.
Explain the difference between achievement and aptitude tests.
Achievement tests measure what you've learned, while aptitude tests predict future performance.
Explain Binet's concept of mental age.
Mental age represents the intellectual level at which a person is functioning, regardless of their chronological age.
How does stereotype threat affect test performance?
Awareness of negative stereotypes can cause anxiety and impair performance on tests.
What is the significance of the normal curve in intelligence testing?
Intelligence scores often follow a normal distribution, with most people scoring near the average.
What is the Stanford-Binet test?
An intelligence test that is deviation-based, comparing your score to others of the same age.
What is the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)?
The most widely used intelligence test; includes subtests for similarities, vocabulary, design, and sequences.
Explain the concept of eugenics.
The idea of matching people with high IQs together to reproduce, which is ethically problematic.
How is standardization applied in AP exams?
AP exams use uniform testing procedures and grading for all students.
Give an example of an achievement test.
A final exam in a history class.
Give an example of an aptitude test.
The SAT or ACT, used to predict college success.
How can understanding stereotype threat help educators?
Educators can create supportive environments to minimize the impact of stereotype threat on student performance.
How is the WAIS used in clinical settings?
To assess cognitive strengths and weaknesses in adults, aiding in diagnosis and treatment planning.
How can the concept of 'grit' be applied to improve academic performance?
Encouraging students to develop passion and perseverance for long-term goals can improve academic outcomes.
How is the normal curve used to interpret IQ scores?
The normal curve helps to understand the distribution of IQ scores and identify individuals with extremely low or high intelligence.
How can understanding test reliability help in choosing a psychological assessment tool?
By selecting tests with high reliability, psychologists can ensure that the results are consistent and dependable.
How can understanding test validity help in interpreting psychological research?
By ensuring that tests are valid, researchers can draw accurate conclusions about the constructs they are studying.
How is the concept of mental age used in educational settings?
To tailor instruction and support to meet the intellectual needs of students.