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Define Cognitive Therapy.
Therapy focused on changing maladaptive thought patterns.
What is Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)?
Therapy that addresses problems stemming from irrational thinking.
Define Psychoanalysis.
Therapy focused on bringing unconscious thoughts into awareness.
What is Systematic Desensitization?
A type of exposure therapy that gradually exposes patients to feared stimuli.
Define Client-Centered Therapy.
A humanistic approach where therapists provide unconditional positive regard, empathy, and genuineness.
What is Behavior Modification?
Using learning principles to eliminate unwanted behaviors.
Define Exposure Therapy.
Treating phobias by exposing patients to feared stimuli.
What is Transference?
The redirection of a patient's feelings for a significant person to the therapist.
Define Resistance (in therapy).
A patient's reluctance to discuss or confront certain topics in therapy.
What is Unconditional Positive Regard?
Accepting and respecting a person regardless of their behavior.
What is the core idea behind Aaron Beck's cognitive therapy?
Change patients' negative beliefs about themselves and their lives.
What is the main principle of Albert Ellis's REBT?
Problems stem from irrational thinking, which needs to be addressed.
What is the primary goal of psychoanalysis according to Sigmund Freud?
To bring unconscious thoughts and conflicts into conscious awareness.
What is the central concept of Mary Cover Jones' work?
Treating phobias by gradually exposing patients to feared stimuli.
What are the three key elements a therapist provides in Carl Rogers' client-centered therapy?
Unconditional positive regard, empathy, and genuineness.
What is the main idea behind B.F. Skinner's behavior modification?
Using learning principles, like reinforcement, to change behavior.
What was Joseph Wolpe known for?
Refining systematic desensitization.
What is the focus of modern treatments for psychological disorders?
Correcting thought patterns, conditioning emotional responses, teaching healthy responses, and coping with symptoms.
What is the importance of tailoring treatment approaches?
Treatment approaches are diverse and tailored to the individual and their specific condition, as there is no one-size-fits-all solution.
What is the role of interpretation in therapy?
The therapist's explanation of a patient's dreams, feelings, or behavior to help them gain insight.
Give a real-world example of how cognitive therapy is applied.
Helping someone with social anxiety identify and challenge their negative thoughts about social situations.
How can behavior modification be applied in everyday life?
Using a reward system to encourage a child to complete their homework.
How is systematic desensitization used to treat phobias?
Gradually exposing someone with a fear of spiders to pictures, then a contained spider, then eventually holding a spider.
How is client-centered therapy used in practice?
A therapist creates a safe space for a client to explore their feelings without judgment, offering empathy and support.
How might REBT be used in a situation where someone feels anxious about public speaking?
The therapist would help the person identify and challenge their irrational beliefs about public speaking, such as "I must not make any mistakes."
How can understanding defense mechanisms help in real-life situations?
Recognizing when you or someone else is using denial or projection can help you address underlying issues more directly.
How can the concept of transference manifest in therapy?
A patient might start treating their therapist like a parent figure, projecting feelings and expectations onto them.
How can the principles of operant conditioning be applied in a token economy?
Patients earn tokens for desired behaviors, which can then be exchanged for rewards, reinforcing positive actions.
How can virtual reality exposure therapy be used to treat PTSD?
By creating a safe, controlled environment to simulate traumatic experiences, allowing patients to process and cope with their trauma.
How can psychopharmacology be used to treat depression?
Antidepressants, such as SSRIs, can help regulate neurotransmitter levels in the brain to alleviate symptoms of depression.