All Flashcards
Explain the concept of crowding effect.
Group opinions tend to get louder and more extreme when people are together.
Explain social exchange theory.
We weigh the costs and benefits of our actions when deciding to help.
What is the Prisoner's Dilemma?
A classic example of a social trap where cooperation leads to a better outcome, but individuals often act in self-interest.
How does the fundamental attribution error relate to mirror-image perceptions?
We attribute the other side's behavior to their disposition while excusing our own.
Give an example of social loafing in a school setting.
Students exerting less effort on a group project than when working alone.
How can social facilitation affect athletes?
An athlete performing better in a game with a crowd cheering them on.
How does group polarization manifest in online forums?
Political discussions becoming increasingly extreme and polarized.
How does ingroup bias play out in sports?
Cheering harder for your own team and seeing them as better than others.
Give an example of deindividuation online.
Internet trolling or cyberbullying due to anonymity.
How does the bystander effect explain inaction in emergencies?
People assume someone else will help, so they don't intervene.
How can the reciprocity norm encourage charitable giving?
People donate expecting that others will do the same for them or others in need.
How can superordinate goals be used to improve relations between conflicting groups?
Conflicting groups work towards a common goal, building new, inclusive groups.
What is Social Loafing?
The tendency to exert less effort when working in a group than individually.
What is Social Facilitation?
Improved performance on easy tasks in the presence of others.
What is Social Inhibition?
Worsened performance on difficult tasks in the presence of others.
What is Group Polarization?
The tendency for group views to become more extreme over time.
What is Ingroup Bias?
The tendency to favor our own group over others.
What is Deindividuation?
Loss of self-awareness and self-restraint in group situations.
What is the Bystander Effect?
The decreased likelihood of helping if others are present.
What is the Reciprocity Norm?
The expectation that if we help someone, they'll help us in return.
What are Social Traps?
Situations where individuals harm society for their own interests.
What are Mirror-Image Perceptions?
Seeing the other side in a conflict as evil and ourselves as good.
What are Superordinate Goals?
Shared goals that require cooperation and help resolve conflict.