The tendency to exert less effort when working in a group than individually.

Improved performance on easy tasks in the presence of others.

Worsened performance on difficult tasks in the presence of others.

The tendency for group views to become more extreme over time.

The tendency to favor our own group over others.

Loss of self-awareness and self-restraint in group situations.

The decreased likelihood of helping if others are present.

The expectation that if we help someone, they'll help us in return.

Situations where individuals harm society for their own interests.

Seeing the other side in a conflict as evil and ourselves as good.

Shared goals that require cooperation and help resolve conflict.

Reduced overall group productivity and individual accountability.

Less inhibited behavior, potentially leading to antisocial actions.

Delayed or absent help in emergency situations.

Prejudice, discrimination, and conflict between groups.

Diffusion of responsibility and assuming someone else will help.

Anonymity, lack of accountability, and arousal.

Group opinions tend to get louder and more extreme when people are together.

We weigh the costs and benefits of our actions when deciding to help.

A classic example of a social trap where cooperation leads to a better outcome, but individuals often act in self-interest.

We attribute the other side's behavior to their disposition while excusing our own.