All Flashcards
What happened during the Battle of Fort Necessity (1754)?
George Washington was defeated, marking the start of the French and Indian War.
What happened during General Braddock's Expedition (1755)?
A major British defeat near Fort Duquesne due to ambush and logistical issues.
What happened during the Albany Congress (1754)?
An attempt to secure Iroquois alliance and unify colonies; resulted in Ben Franklin's Albany Plan, which was ultimately rejected.
What happened during the Battle of Quebec (1759)?
A major British victory and turning point; both Generals Wolfe and Montcalm died.
What were the results of the Treaty of Paris (1763)?
France ceded Canada and lands east of the Mississippi to Britain; Spain ceded Florida to Britain and received French lands west of the Mississippi and New Orleans.
What was the significance of the Proclamation of 1763?
It prohibited colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains, angering colonists.
What was the purpose of the Ohio River Valley?
It was crucial for both the British (western expansion) and the French (linking Canada and the Mississippi Valley).
What were the British weaknesses in the early conflicts?
British troops were not used to the guerrilla tactics of the French and Native Americans, along with logistical issues.
What was William Pitt's Leadership?
As Prime Minister, Pitt increased military funding and implemented reforms.
What was the Colonial Compromise?
Pitt reimbursed colonial assemblies for their costs, boosting morale.
Compare colonial and British military tactics.
Colonials used Native American guerrilla tactics; British marched in formation or bayonet charge.
Compare colonial and British views on taxation.
Colonials resisted rising taxes; British believed colonists should pay for their own defense.
Compare the goals of the British and French in the Ohio River Valley.
British wanted it for western expansion; French wanted it to link Canada and the Mississippi Valley.
Compare colonial and British military discipline.
Colonials had no military deference or protocols observed; British had drills and tough discipline.
Compare colonial and British military organization.
Colonial militias served under their own captains; British officers wanted to take charge of colonials.
Compare colonial and British demeanor.
Colonials were casual, very nonprofessional; British officers with servants and tea settings.
Compare the Albany Plan and the Articles of Confederation.
Both were attempts at colonial unity, but the Albany Plan was rejected, while the Articles were adopted (though later replaced).
Compare the effects of the French and Indian War and the American Revolution.
The French and Indian War created conditions for revolution; the American Revolution led to independence.
Compare the Proclamation of 1763 and the Stamp Act.
Both were British policies that angered colonists, but the Proclamation restricted westward expansion, while the Stamp Act imposed taxes.
Compare the leadership styles of General Braddock and William Pitt.
Braddock was rigid and unsuccessful; Pitt was strategic and successful.
Who was George Washington?
A young Lt. Colonel who was defeated at Fort Necessity in 1754, marking the start of the war.
Who was Benjamin Franklin?
Proposed the Albany Plan of Union to unify the colonies.
Who was General Braddock?
British general whose forces were ambushed and defeated near Fort Duquesne.
Who was William Pitt?
British Prime Minister who increased military funding and implemented reforms, leading to British victories.
Who was General Wolfe?
British General who died in the Battle of Quebec.
Who was General Montcalm?
French General who died in the Battle of Quebec.
What was the role of the Iroquois?
The British wanted to secure an alliance with them.
What was the role of the King of England?
The King appointed the President General with veto power.
What was the role of the British officers?
British officers wanted to take charge of colonials.
Who was the main conflict between?
The main conflict was between Britain and France, with Spain occasionally getting involved.