The principle that the authority of a state and its government are created and sustained by the consent of its people, through their elected representatives, who are the source of all political power.

Loyalty to the interests of one's own region or section of the country, rather than to the nation as a whole.

A person who advocated for the end of slavery.

Stephen Douglas's argument that a territory could exclude slavery by refusing to pass laws protecting it.

The belief that states have the right to govern themselves and that the federal government should not interfere in state affairs.

The act of withdrawing formally from membership of a federation or body, especially a political state.

The Confederate States of America, formed by the Southern states that seceded from the Union.

To maintain the United States as one unified country, preventing it from splitting apart.

A set of national laws that would protect and enforce slavery in all territories of the United States.

A law passed as part of the Compromise of 1850, which required that slaves be returned to their owners, even if they were in a free state.

Lincoln opposed the expansion of slavery, viewing it as a moral issue. Douglas supported popular sovereignty, allowing territories to decide.

Northern Democrats supported popular sovereignty, while Southern Democrats supported the expansion of slavery and states' rights.

The Missouri Compromise addressed slavery in the Louisiana Purchase territory. The Crittenden Compromise was a last-ditch effort to prevent secession.

Before the war, Lincoln focused on preventing the expansion of slavery. During the war, his stance evolved to include emancipation as a war goal.

The Deep South seceded primarily due to fears about slavery. The Upper South seceded after Fort Sumter in response to Lincoln's call for troops.

The Republican Party aimed to prevent the expansion of slavery, while the Constitutional Union Party sought to preserve the Union by avoiding the issue of slavery altogether.

The North had a larger population and more electoral votes, giving them a political advantage that the South feared.

The North had a diverse, industrial economy, while the South relied heavily on agriculture and slave labor.

Lincoln wanted to contain slavery, while Breckinridge wanted to expand it.

The immediate effect was the start of the Civil War. The long-term effects included immense loss of life and the eventual abolition of slavery.

Cause: Illinois Senate race, differing views on slavery. Effect: Lincoln gained national recognition, highlighted divisions over slavery.

Cause: Sectionalism, differing platforms on slavery. Effect: Lincoln's victory, secession of Southern states.

Cause: Attempt to prevent secession. Effect: Failure, demonstrated the irreconcilable differences between North and South.

Cause: Fear of Lincoln's policies on slavery. Effect: Formation of the Confederacy, further secession of Deep South states.

Cause: Confederate desire to assert sovereignty. Effect: Beginning of the Civil War, rallying of Northern public opinion.

Stephen Douglas's attempt to reconcile popular sovereignty with the Dred Scott decision.

It led to the secession of Southern states who feared Lincoln would abolish slavery.

It was rejected by both Northern and Southern politicians because it did not adequately address their concerns.

It deepened the divide between the North and South and made civil war inevitable.

Lincoln's call for troops to suppress the rebellion, which they saw as an overreach of federal power.