What is 'total war'?
Mobilizing all of a society's resources (economic, political, social) for military victory.
Define the Anaconda Plan.
The North's strategy to strangle the South by blockading ports and the Mississippi River.
What does 'contraband' mean in the context of the Civil War?
Refers to slaves who escaped to the Union side and were considered captured enemy property.
Define 'scorched-earth' policy.
A military strategy involving the deliberate destruction of resources to deprive the enemy.
What is an ironclad warship?
Armored, steam-powered ships that revolutionized naval warfare.
What is trench warfare?
Fighting from fortified ditches, offering protection but often leading to stalemates.
Define Emancipation Proclamation.
Executive order issued by Lincoln in 1863, declaring slaves free in Confederate-held territory.
Define Gettysburg Address.
A speech by Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War at the dedication of the Soldiers' National Cemetery in Gettysburg.
Define the term 'military conscription'.
Compulsory enlistment of people in a national service, most often the military service.
What is propaganda?
Information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view.
Compare the North's and South's strategies in the Civil War.
North: Anaconda Plan, long war. South: Short war, European support.
Compare the advantages of the North and South.
North: Population, economy. South: Military leadership.
Compare Antietam and Gettysburg.
Antietam: Led to Emancipation Proclamation. Gettysburg: High-water mark of the Confederacy.
Compare the Union's early and later war leadership.
Early: Cautious, inexperienced. Later: Aggressive, effective (Grant).
Compare the economic systems of the North and South before the Civil War.
North: Industrialized, diverse. South: Agricultural, reliant on slave labor.
Compare the political ideologies of the North and South before the Civil War.
North: Favored strong federal government. South: Favored states' rights.
Compare the goals of the Union and Confederacy at the start of the war.
Union: Preserve the Union. Confederacy: Independence.
Compare the impact of the Civil War on the North and South.
North: Economic boom, industrialization. South: Economic devastation, social upheaval.
Compare the roles of enslaved people in the North and South.
North: Gradual emancipation. South: Central to the economy and social structure.
Compare the military technologies used in the Civil War with previous conflicts.
Civil War: Ironclads, repeating rifles, more advanced. Previous: Less advanced weaponry and tactics.
Causes and effects of the Emancipation Proclamation?
Cause: Antietam. Effects: Kept Europe out of the war, transformed the Union Army, allowed African Americans to enlist.
Causes and effects of Gettysburg?
Cause: Lee's invasion of the North. Effects: Confederate defeat, turning point, Gettysburg Address.
Causes and effects of Vicksburg?
Cause: Union strategy to control the Mississippi. Effect: Split the Confederacy, boosted Grant's career.
Causes and effects of Sherman's March?
Cause: Union strategy to break the South's will to fight. Effect: Destruction of infrastructure, weakened Confederate morale.
Causes and effects of the Anaconda Plan?
Cause: Union strategy to win the war. Effect: Blockade of Southern ports, economic hardship for the South.
Causes and effects of the invention of the repeating rifle?
Cause: Technological innovation. Effect: Increased casualties, changed battlefield tactics.
Causes and effects of the South's reliance on cotton?
Cause: Southern economy. Effect: Hope for British support, but ultimately failed.
Causes and effects of Lincoln's assassination?
Cause: Confederate sympathizer. Effect: Hardened Reconstruction policies, national mourning.
Causes and effects of the Civil War?
Cause: Slavery, states' rights, economic differences. Effect: End of slavery, strengthened federal government, industrialization.
Causes and effects of Southern secession?
Cause: Election of Lincoln, fear of federal interference with slavery. Effect: Start of the Civil War, division of the nation.
