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Compare Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois' approaches to racial equality.
Washington advocated for economic success first, then social equality. DuBois demanded immediate social equality and helped found the NAACP.
Compare Preservation and Conservation.
Preservation seeks to protect wilderness from human interference, while conservation seeks to manage natural resources responsibly.
Compare the Sherman Antitrust Act and the Clayton Antitrust Act.
The Sherman Act was the first attempt to break up monopolies, while the Clayton Act was stronger and explicitly protected unions.
Compare Theodore Roosevelt's and William Howard Taft's approaches to trust-busting.
Roosevelt distinguished between 'good' and 'bad' trusts, while Taft busted almost twice as many trusts without making such distinctions.
Compare Roosevelt's Square Deal and Wilson's New Freedom.
The Square Deal focused on consumer protection, business regulation, and conservation, while the New Freedom emphasized business competition and small government.
Compare the goals of Muckrakers like Jacob Riis and Upton Sinclair.
Riis aimed to expose the harsh realities of tenement life through photojournalism, while Sinclair aimed to expose the exploitation of workers in the meatpacking industry.
Compare the impact of the 18th and 21st Amendments.
The 18th Amendment prohibited alcohol, leading to widespread bootlegging and organized crime, while the 21st Amendment repealed prohibition, legalizing alcohol again.
Compare the approaches of Progressives towards racial issues with their other reforms.
Progressives often supported reforms for white Americans while ignoring or even perpetuating the oppression of minorities through segregation and racist immigration restrictions.
What caused the passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act?
Upton Sinclair's *The Jungle* exposed unsanitary conditions in the meatpacking industry, shocking the public.
What was the effect of Roosevelt's intervention in the United Mine Workers Strike?
It was a major win for labor and a sign of Roosevelt's Progressive approach, establishing the government as a more neutral arbiter.
What was the effect of the split in the Republican Party in 1912?
It allowed Democrat Woodrow Wilson to win the presidency.
What was the effect of *How the Other Half Lives*?
It exposed the harsh realities of tenement life, making the upper classes aware of the conditions of the poor.
What was the effect of the Clayton Antitrust Act?
It strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act and explicitly protected unions, giving them more power.
What was the cause of the creation of the Federal Reserve Act?
To manage the nation’s monetary policy and regulate the banking industry.
What was the effect of the 16th Amendment?
It allowed the federal government to collect income taxes, reducing wealth inequality and funding social programs.
What was the effect of the 17th Amendment?
It provided for the direct election of senators, making the government more democratic and responsive to the people.
What was the effect of the 19th Amendment?
It granted women the right to vote, expanding democracy and empowering women in politics.
What was the effect of the *United States v. E. C. Knight Company* ruling?
It weakened the Sherman Anti-Trust Act, limiting the government's ability to regulate monopolies.
What is a Muckraker?
Investigative journalists who exposed social ills during the Progressive Era.
Define 'Initiative' in politics.
A process where voters can propose and vote on laws, bypassing the state legislature.
What is a 'Referendum'?
A process where voters can repeal an existing law passed by the state legislature.
What is 'Recall' in politics?
A procedure allowing voters to remove an elected official from office before their term ends.
What is the 'Wisconsin Idea'?
Robert La Follette's state-level reforms including direct primaries and tax reform.
Define 'Trust Busting'.
Government action to break up monopolies and restore competition in the marketplace.
What is the 'Square Deal'?
Theodore Roosevelt's domestic program focused on consumer protection, business regulation, and conservation.
What is 'Preservation' in conservation?
Protecting wilderness areas from any human interference or development.
What is 'Conservation'?
Responsible management of natural resources for sustainable use.
What was the 'New Freedom'?
Woodrow Wilson's program emphasizing business competition and small government.
What is the 'Atlanta Compromise'?
Booker T. Washington's philosophy advocating economic success for African Americans before social equality.
What is the 'Talented Tenth'?
W.E.B. DuBois' concept of an elite group of African Americans leading the community.