All Flashcards
Compare the Red Scare of 1919 and McCarthyism of the 1950s.
Both were anti-communist waves in the US, but they occurred in different contexts and had different targets.
Compare the impact of WWI on civil liberties to other wartime periods.
Wars often lead to limitations on civil liberties in the US, but the specific measures and their severity vary.
What is Xenophobia?
Fear or hatred of strangers or foreigners.
What is the 'clear and present danger' doctrine?
A limit on free speech; speech is not protected if it presents a clear and present danger to the public.
Define the Espionage Act of 1917.
Act punishing aiding the enemy, obstructing recruitment, or encouraging disloyalty.
Define the Sedition Act.
Act punishing disloyal language about the government, flag, or military.
What was the Committee on Public Information (CPI)?
The main US propaganda agency during WWI.
What was the War Industries Board?
Wartime agency that set production priorities and controlled raw materials.
What was the Food Administration?
Wartime agency that encouraged food conservation for overseas shipment.
What was the National War Labor Board?
Wartime agency that arbitrated labor disputes and improved worker conditions.
What is the Great Migration?
The movement of African Americans from the South to northern cities for jobs.
What was the Red Scare?
Post-WWI anti-communist wave in the US, fueled by the Bolshevik Revolution.
What was Schenck v. United States (1919)?
Supreme Court case upholding the conviction of a socialist distributing anti-draft leaflets; established the 'clear and present danger' doctrine.
What was the Espionage Act of 1917?
US federal law passed shortly after entering World War I, made it a crime for any person to convey information with intent to interfere with the operation or success of the armed forces of the United States or to promote the success of its enemies.
What was the Sedition Act?
An Act of the United States Congress that extended the Espionage Act of 1917 to cover a broader range of offenses, notably speech and the expression of opinion that cast the government or the war effort in a negative light.
What was the Bolshevik Revolution's impact on the US?
Fueled fears of communism, socialism, anarchism, and immigrants, leading to the Red Scare.
What were the Palmer Raids?
Raids on suspected communists, often violating civil liberties, during the Red Scare.
What cultural changes occurred due to anti-German sentiment during WWI?
German language instruction dropped, sauerkraut became 'liberty cabbage,' pretzels vanished, German classical music removed.
What was the effect of WWI on US urbanization?
Increased demand for war production led to urbanization and factory growth.
What was the effect of the war on women in the workforce?
Factories hired more women due to increased demand for labor.
What was the effect of the war on African Americans in the workforce?
Factories hired more African Americans due to increased demand for labor.
What was the impact of the Great Migration?
African Americans moved to northern cities for jobs and to escape racial terrorism, facing less segregation but still experiencing discrimination.