Cause: Racial oppression in the South, Effect: Growth of Black culture in urban centers.

Cause: Failure of Reconstruction, Effect: Emergence of the New Negro Movement.

Cause: Great Migration and New Negro Movement, Effect: Flourishing of Black art and culture.

Cause: Philosophical studies at Oxford, Effect: Emphasis on self-expression and Black aesthetics.

Cause: Challenges faced by Black artists, Effect: Call for authentic representation.

Cause: Desire for self-definition, Effect: Empowerment and new narratives.

Cause: Desire for cultural expression, Effect: Unique artistic identity and empowerment.

Cause: Philosophical studies at Oxford, Effect: Emphasis on self-expression and Black aesthetics.

Cause: Experiences as a Black artist, Effect: Call for authentic representation and critique of conformity.

Cause: Racial oppression and desire for self-definition, Effect: Cultural and artistic revolution.

Movement of African Americans from the South to urban centers like Harlem and Chicago.

Emerged during the nadir of race relations, a period marked by intense racial oppression.

A major component of the New Negro Movement, it was a flourishing of Black literary, artistic, and intellectual life.

Urban centers became hubs for Black cultural expression and activism.

1925

1926

First African American Rhodes Scholar; philosopher who emphasized self-expression and Black aesthetics.

Writer who critiqued conformity to white artistic standards and advocated for authentic Black expression.

Writer who explored Black experiences with authenticity during the Harlem Renaissance.

Musician during the Harlem Renaissance.

Artist during the Harlem Renaissance.

Painter who incorporated African motifs and modern styles during the New Negro Movement.