Outlawed discriminatory voting practices, increasing Black voter turnout.

First Black woman elected to Congress, founded CBC.

First Black President, symbolized progress and change.

First Black VP, continued representation progress.

Expanded educational opportunities for Black students.

Growth in Black elected officials from 1,500 to 9,000.

Significant wealth gap: Black families median wealth $17,150 vs. white families$171,000.

First Black Secretary of State in 2001.

First Black woman Secretary of State.

23% of African American adults had a bachelor's degree or higher.

Cause: Discriminatory voting practices. Effect: Increased Black voter registration.

Cause: Segregation in schools. Effect: Expanded educational opportunities.

Cause: Migration to cities. Effect: Increased employment for Black businesses.

Cause: Discrimination in housing/employment. Effect: Limited wealth accumulation.

Cause: Urbanization. Effect: Significant contributions to American society and the economy.

Cause: Civil Rights Movement. Effect: Symbolic progress and hope.

Cause: Civil Rights Movement. Effect: Increased Black political power.

Cause: His experiences. Effect: Inspiration for community service.

Cause: Desire for modern representation. Effect: Challenges traditional norms.

Cause: Civil Rights Movement. Effect: Continued progress in representation.

First Black woman elected to Congress (1968) and founder of the Congressional Black Caucus.

First Black Secretary of State (2001), a significant achievement in American politics.

First Black woman Secretary of State, breaking barriers in American politics.

First Black President of the United States (2008), a landmark achievement in American history.

First Black Vice President of the United States (2020), continuing the progress of Black leaders.

Artist who painted Barack Obama's portrait, blending contemporary art with historical gravitas.

Artist who painted Michelle Obama's portrait, challenging traditional notions of presidential portraiture.

Authors of the Brookings Institution report highlighting economic challenges faced by the Black middle class.

Obama's presidency symbolized progress and hope, inspiring future generations of Black leaders.

Chisholm's election and advocacy paved the way for increased Black political representation.