Outlawed discriminatory voting practices, increasing Black voter turnout.

First Black woman elected to Congress, founded CBC.

First Black President, symbolized progress and change.

First Black VP, continued representation progress.

Expanded educational opportunities for Black students.

Growth in Black elected officials from 1,500 to 9,000.

Significant wealth gap: Black families median wealth $17,150 vs. white families$171,000.

First Black Secretary of State in 2001.

First Black woman Secretary of State.

23% of African American adults had a bachelor's degree or higher.

First Black woman elected to Congress, founded CBC.

First Black Secretary of State, served in military.

First Black woman Secretary of State, foreign policy expert.

First Black President, passed Affordable Care Act.

First Black VP, former prosecutor and senator.

Artist known for painting Barack Obama's portrait.

Artist who painted Michelle Obama's portrait.

Authors of Brookings Institution report on Black middle class.

Importance of free speech, reconciliation, and community service.

Blending contemporary art with historical gravitas.

Cause: Discriminatory voting practices. Effect: Increased Black voter registration.

Cause: Segregation in schools. Effect: Expanded educational opportunities.

Cause: Migration to cities. Effect: Increased employment for Black businesses.

Cause: Discrimination in housing/employment. Effect: Limited wealth accumulation.

Cause: Urbanization. Effect: Significant contributions to American society and the economy.

Cause: Civil Rights Movement. Effect: Symbolic progress and hope.

Cause: Civil Rights Movement. Effect: Increased Black political power.

Cause: His experiences. Effect: Inspiration for community service.

Cause: Desire for modern representation. Effect: Challenges traditional norms.

Cause: Civil Rights Movement. Effect: Continued progress in representation.