All Flashcards
What were the Negro Leagues?
Baseball leagues created due to segregation, providing opportunities for Black players.
Define athlete activism.
Athletes using their platform to advocate for social or political change.
What is segregation?
The enforced separation of different racial groups in a country or community.
Define racial equality.
Equal opportunity and treatment regardless of race.
What is police brutality?
The excessive or unjustified use of force by law enforcement officers.
What is the Black Power Movement?
A civil rights movement emphasizing racial pride and self-determination.
Define integration in sports.
The process of desegregating sports teams and leagues.
What is a protest?
An expression of disapproval or objection to something.
What is racial discrimination?
Unjust or prejudicial treatment based on race.
What is the significance of the color barrier in sports?
The historical practice of excluding non-white athletes from participating in certain sports or leagues.
Who was Jackie Robinson?
Broke the color barrier in MLB in 1947, a symbol of integration.
Who was Jesse Owens?
Won four gold medals at the 1936 Berlin Olympics, defying Nazi ideology.
Who was Muhammad Ali?
Boxer who refused to enlist in the Vietnam War, citing religious reasons and racism.
Who were Tommie Smith and John Carlos?
Athletes who performed the Black Power salute at the 1968 Olympics.
Who is Colin Kaepernick?
NFL player who knelt during the national anthem to protest police brutality.
Who was Oliver Lewis?
An early Black winner of the Kentucky Derby in 1875.
Who was William 'Billy' Walker?
An early Black winner of the Kentucky Derby in 1877.
What were the causes and effects of segregation in sports?
Cause: Racial prejudice and discrimination. Effect: Creation of Negro Leagues and limited opportunities for Black athletes.
What were the causes and effects of Muhammad Ali's protest?
Cause: Opposition to the Vietnam War and racial injustice. Effect: Sparked national debate and cost him his boxing title.
What were the causes and effects of the Olympic Black Power demonstration?
Cause: Protest against racial discrimination in the U.S. Effect: Drew international attention to the civil rights struggle, but also faced backlash.
What were the causes and effects of Colin Kaepernick's kneeling?
Cause: Protest against police brutality and racial injustice. Effect: Sparked a nationwide conversation, but also led to controversy and unemployment.