All Flashcards
Define NAACP.
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People; focused on legal strategies and litigation.
Define SCLC.
Southern Christian Leadership Conference; led by MLK Jr., emphasized nonviolent protest and civil disobedience.
Define CORE.
Congress of Racial Equality; pioneered sit-ins and freedom rides.
Define SNCC.
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee; organized grassroots activism and voter registration.
Define Civil Disobedience.
The refusal to comply with certain laws or to pay taxes and fines, as a peaceful form of political protest.
Define Freedom Schools.
Temporary, alternative free schools for African Americans mostly in the South.
Define Voter Suppression.
A strategy to prevent specific groups of people from voting.
Define Literacy Tests.
Tests used to prevent people of color from voting, by making them prove they could read and write.
Define Poll Taxes.
A tax required as a qualification for voting.
Define Agape Love.
A selfless, redemptive love that seeks nothing in return, central to nonviolent resistance.
What was the Birmingham Children's Crusade?
1963 protest in Birmingham where children marched against segregation, facing violent police response.
What was the March on Washington?
1963 rally for economic equality and racial justice where MLK Jr. delivered his 'I Have a Dream' speech.
What was Mississippi Freedom Summer?
1964 project to address racial violence and voter suppression in Mississippi, involving Freedom Schools.
What was the role of Freedom Schools?
Promote civic engagement and Black history education during the Mississippi Freedom Summer.
What was the goal of the March on Washington?
Highlight economic inequality and racial injustice.
What was the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party?
Political party created in Mississippi to combat racial violence and voter suppression.
What was the goal of the Birmingham Children's Crusade?
To protest segregation in Birmingham, Alabama.
What was the Civil Rights Movement?
A movement to achieve racial equality and end discrimination.
What was the Voting Rights Act of 1965?
Prohibited racial discrimination in voting, banning literacy tests and poll taxes.
What was the Civil Rights Act of 1964?
Ended segregation in public spaces and banned discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.
What was the Birmingham Children's Crusade?
1963 protest in Birmingham where children marched against segregation; met with violent police response, shocking the nation.
What was the March on Washington?
1963 rally for economic equality and racial justice; MLK Jr. delivered his "I Have a Dream" speech.
What was Mississippi Freedom Summer?
1964 project to address voter suppression in Mississippi; included Freedom Schools and voter registration efforts.
What was the role of Freedom Schools?
Established during Freedom Summer to promote civic engagement and Black history education.
What was the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party?
A political party organized by African Americans and their supporters to challenge the racially discriminatory Mississippi Democratic Party.
What was the Civil Rights Act of 1964?
Landmark legislation ending segregation in public spaces and banning discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.
What was the Voting Rights Act of 1965?
Prohibited racial discrimination in voting, banning literacy tests and poll taxes; authorized federal oversight of elections.
What was the main message of John Lewis's 'The Revolution Is at Hand' speech?
An urgent call for immediate and radical action on civil rights.
What was the goal of the 'Big Four' civil rights organizations?
Ending racial discrimination and securing equal rights for Black Americans.
What inspired MLK Jr.'s nonviolent resistance?
Gandhi's nonviolent approach to combating injustice.