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Define NAACP.
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People; focused on legal strategies and litigation.
Define SCLC.
Southern Christian Leadership Conference; led by MLK Jr., emphasized nonviolent protest and civil disobedience.
Define CORE.
Congress of Racial Equality; pioneered sit-ins and freedom rides.
Define SNCC.
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee; organized grassroots activism and voter registration.
Define Civil Disobedience.
Nonviolent resistance to unjust laws, often involving marches, sit-ins, and boycotts.
Define Freedom Schools.
Temporary, alternative free schools for African Americans mostly in the South.
What is 'Agape Love'?
A selfless, redemptive love that seeks nothing in return, central to nonviolent resistance.
Define Grassroots Organizing.
Empowering local communities and developing new leaders from within.
What is Voter Suppression?
Efforts to prevent eligible voters from registering or voting.
Define Nonviolent Resistance.
Practicing peace to combat injustice.
What was the Birmingham Children's Crusade?
1963 protest in Birmingham where children marched against segregation, facing violent police response.
What was the March on Washington?
1963 rally for economic equality and racial justice where MLK Jr. delivered his 'I Have a Dream' speech.
What was Mississippi Freedom Summer?
1964 project to address racial violence and voter suppression in Mississippi, involving Freedom Schools.
What was the role of Freedom Schools?
Promote civic engagement and Black history education during the Mississippi Freedom Summer.
What was the goal of the March on Washington?
Highlight economic inequality and racial injustice.
What was the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party?
Political party created in Mississippi to combat racial violence and voter suppression.
What was the goal of the Birmingham Children's Crusade?
To protest segregation in Birmingham, Alabama.
What was the Civil Rights Movement?
A movement to achieve racial equality and end discrimination.
What was the Voting Rights Act of 1965?
Prohibited racial discrimination in voting, banning literacy tests and poll taxes.
What was the Civil Rights Act of 1964?
Ended segregation in public spaces and banned discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.
Who was Martin Luther King Jr. and what was his impact?
Leader of the SCLC; advocated for nonviolent protest and civil disobedience; delivered the "I Have a Dream" speech.
Who was Fannie Lou Hamer and what was her impact?
Grassroots organizer and voting rights activist; leader in the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party.
Who was A. Philip Randolph and what was his impact?
Labor leader and civil rights activist; helped organize the March on Washington.
Who was Bayard Rustin and what was his impact?
Civil rights activist and strategist; helped organize the March on Washington.
Who was John Lewis and what was his impact?
SNCC leader, Freedom Rider, and Congressman; advocated for immediate and radical action on civil rights.