All Flashcards
Who was Nicolás Guillén and what was his impact?
A Cuban poet who connected anti-Black racism in the U.S. and Latin America through his powerful writings.
Who was Charles Mingus and what was his contribution?
A jazz musician who composed protest songs rooted in African American musical traditions, drawing global attention to racial injustice.
Who was Martin Luther King Jr. and what was his role?
A leader of the Civil Rights movement who emphasized nonviolent direct action and highlighted the connection between music and racial justice.
Who was Orval Faubus?
The Governor of Arkansas who tried to prevent the integration of Little Rock Central High School.
What was MLK's view on Freedom Songs?
MLK viewed Freedom Songs as the soul of the Civil Rights movement, giving courage and unity to protesters.
What was Nicolás Guillén's view on segregation?
Guillén denounced segregation and racial violence in his poetry, bringing these issues to a wider audience.
What was Charles Mingus's view on racial segregation?
Mingus directly criticized Governor Orval Faubus for trying to prevent the integration of Little Rock Central High School.
What is 'call and response'?
A musical technique rooted in African American culture, involving a back-and-forth exchange between voices or instruments.
Define 'freedom songs'.
Songs that emerged from hymns, spirituals, gospel songs, and labor union songs that inspired and mobilized communities during the Civil Rights Movement.
What is 'nonviolent direct action'?
A strategy that emphasizes peaceful resistance and civil disobedience to challenge unjust laws and practices.
What does 'global solidarity' mean?
A sense of unity and mutual support among oppressed communities worldwide, especially in the fight against racial injustice.
Define 'civil disobedience'.
The refusal to comply with certain laws or demands as a form of peaceful political protest.
What is 'segregation'?
The enforced separation of different racial groups in a country, community, or establishment.
Define 'racial violence'.
Acts of violence motivated by racial prejudice or discrimination.
What is 'systemic inequality'?
Inequality that is deeply ingrained in the structures and systems of a society.
Define 'cultural artifact'.
An object or expression that provides information about the culture that created it.
What is 'Jim Crow'?
State and local laws enforcing racial segregation in the Southern United States.
What was the Little Rock Crisis?
A 1957 event where the governor of Arkansas tried to prevent the integration of Little Rock Central High School, leading to federal intervention.
What was the Birmingham campaign?
A series of nonviolent protests in Birmingham, Alabama, in 1963 that aimed to challenge segregation and discrimination.