A Cuban poet who connected anti-Black racism in the U.S. and Latin America through his powerful writings.

A jazz musician who composed protest songs rooted in African American musical traditions, drawing global attention to racial injustice.

A leader of the Civil Rights movement who emphasized nonviolent direct action and highlighted the connection between music and racial justice.

The Governor of Arkansas who tried to prevent the integration of Little Rock Central High School.

MLK viewed Freedom Songs as the soul of the Civil Rights movement, giving courage and unity to protesters.

Guillén denounced segregation and racial violence in his poetry, bringing these issues to a wider audience.

Mingus directly criticized Governor Orval Faubus for trying to prevent the integration of Little Rock Central High School.

A musical technique rooted in African American culture involving a back-and-forth exchange between a leader and a group.

Songs that emerged from hymns, spirituals, gospel songs, and labor union songs, used to inspire and mobilize communities during the Civil Rights Movement.

A method of protest that involves using nonviolent tactics, such as sit-ins, marches, and boycotts, to challenge unjust laws and policies.

The act of intentionally breaking laws or refusing to comply with unjust demands as a form of peaceful protest.

A sense of unity and mutual support among people or groups from different countries who share common goals or face similar struggles.

The process of desegregating and integrating different racial groups into society, particularly in areas such as schools, housing, and employment.

The belief that white people are superior to other races and should dominate society.

A song or hymn of praise or celebration; a symbol of unity or defiance.

A material manifestation of a culture's values, beliefs, and practices.

A lack of harmony among musical notes.

A 1957 event where the governor of Arkansas tried to prevent the integration of Little Rock Central High School, leading to federal intervention.

A series of nonviolent protests in 1963 in Birmingham, Alabama, that aimed to challenge segregation and discrimination.

They served as organizing spaces and platforms for creating and sharing music that fueled the fight for racial equality.

Freedom songs were a source of inspiration, courage, and unity for African Americans engaged in the struggle for equality.

Music became a powerful tool to raise awareness about racial injustice and galvanize support for the Civil Rights movement.

Black artists amplified the fight against oppression and strengthened similar efforts by Afro-descendants outside the U.S., creating a sense of global solidarity.

Martin Luther King Jr.'s speech highlighted the profound connection between music and the struggle for racial justice.

It was a key strategy used to challenge segregation and discrimination through peaceful resistance and civil disobedience.

It brought national attention to the brutal realities of segregation and discrimination, and helped galvanize support for the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

Faith was crucial for inspiring and mobilizing communities during the Civil Rights movement.