Origins of the African Diaspora

Astronomy, Mathematics, and Architecture

Only religious studies

Primarily European languages

Naval Engineering and Cartography

The abandonment of traditional African instruments

The adoption of European musical styles

The fusion of traditional griot practices with modern elements

The decline of oral tradition in West Africa

Religious leaders

Military strategists

Historians, storytellers, and musicians

Agricultural experts

Solely focused on trade with other nations.

Major centers of learning and scholarship.

Isolated and resistant to outside influence.

Primarily military powers with little cultural output.

They served primarily as soldiers and bodyguards.

They acted as advisors, using their knowledge of history and tradition.

They were mainly responsible for collecting taxes.

They had no direct role in governance or advising rulers.

It shows that written records are unreliable sources of historical information.

It highlights the role of oral tradition in preserving ancestral knowledge and shaping collective identity.

It proves that African history is solely based on legends and myths.

It suggests that only visual sources can accurately depict historical events.

Cairo and Alexandria

Djenné and Gao

Mecca and Medina

Athens and Rome

Written texts and manuscripts

Oral traditions

Archaeological findings

Hieroglyphic inscriptions

Griots

Griottes

Historians

Storytellers

A collection of Islamic law

A cornerstone of West African oral tradition

A set of architectural blueprints for Timbuktu

A series of trade agreements between West African empires