Freedom, Enslavement and Resistance
Approximately what percentage of the total Black population in the U.S. did free Black people constitute by 1860?
5%
12%
25%
50%
What was the primary function of mutual-aid societies in free Black communities during the early 19th century?
To advocate for political rights in government.
To provide financial support for schools, businesses, and churches.
To organize armed resistance against slavery.
To promote emigration to Africa.
Based on the information provided, how did the independent institutions established by free Black communities lay the groundwork for the Civil Rights Movement?
By creating a model for racial segregation that was later adopted nationwide.
By fostering cultural and economic development and supporting Black writers and speakers.
By advocating for stricter laws that limited the rights of Black people.
By discouraging activism and focusing solely on economic self-sufficiency.
Which of the following is Maria W. Stewart best known for?
Leading the first sit-in protest.
Publishing the first political manifesto by a Black woman.
Founding the National Association of Colored Women.
Organizing the Seneca Falls Convention.
What impact did Maria W. Stewart's work have on the early feminist movement?
It led to the immediate integration of Black women into white feminist organizations.
It had no significant impact on the movement.
It helped shape the early feminist movement through her speeches and publications.
It caused a major split in the movement due to her radical views.
According to the provided text, why did Black women's experiences often differ from those of white women and Black men?
Black women had more economic opportunities than white women and Black men.
Black women faced unique challenges due to the intersection of race and gender.
Black women were more accepted in political circles than white women and Black men.
Black women had fewer legal restrictions than white women and Black men.
How did intersectionality influence the goals of Black women activists in the 19th century?
It led them to focus solely on issues of racial discrimination, ignoring gender inequalities.
It led them to advocate for reforms that addressed the combined effects of racism and sexism.
It led them to prioritize the needs of Black men over the needs of Black women.
It led them to align themselves exclusively with white feminist organizations.

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In what movement were Black women vitally involved during the 19th century?
The Temperance Movement only.
The Abolitionist Movement only.
Both the Abolitionist movement and the fight for women's rights.
Neither the Abolitionist movement, nor the fight for women's rights.
How did Black women activists connect race, gender, and class in their activism?
They argued that these issues were separate and should be addressed independently.
They focused solely on race, ignoring gender and class.
They argued that these issues were interconnected and could not be separated.
They prioritized class issues over race and gender.
In Maria W. Stewart's speech, "Why Sit Here and Die," what is the meaning behind her call to action for Black people to actively fight for their rights?
To encourage Black people to accept their fate and wait for divine intervention.
To inspire Black people to take control of their destiny and challenge racial injustices.
To promote emigration to Africa as the only solution to racial discrimination.
To advocate for violent revolution against white society.