Movements and Debates

Decreased immigration from Africa

A decline in multiracial identities

Increased immigration from Africa and the Caribbean

Reduced access to higher education

21%

33%

66%

80%

They are more likely to be Protestant than older adults.

They are equally as likely to be Protestant as older adults.

They are less likely to be Protestant than older adults.

There is no discernible difference in religious affiliation between younger and older Black adults.

Exclusively religious practices

Community values, education, and social justice

Primarily political campaigning

Only cultural expression

It decreased from 20% to 15%.

It remained constant at 15%.

It increased from 15% to 23%.

It increased from 23% to 30%.

African American

Afro-Caribbean

Black

Multiracial

These roles are independent and do not intersect, with the Black church primarily focusing on spiritual guidance.

The Black church's role as a community hub supports its civil rights advocacy by providing a platform for organizing and mobilizing, while its educational programs empower individuals to participate in social justice movements, and its promotion of cultural expression reinforces a sense of identity and solidarity within the community.

The Black church's educational role is limited to religious instruction, and its cultural expression is separate from its civil rights advocacy.

The Black church's primary focus is on maintaining social order, with little emphasis on civil rights or cultural expression.

10%

20%

30%

40%

All three terms are interchangeable and refer to the same population group.

African American refers to immigrants from the Caribbean, while Afro-Latino refers to descendants of enslaved people in the U.S., and Multiracial refers to individuals with only Black ancestry.

African American refers to descendants of enslaved people in the U.S., Afro-Caribbean/Afro-Latino refers to immigrants from the Caribbean and Latin America, and Multiracial refers to individuals with Black and other ancestries.

Afro-Caribbean/Afro-Latino refers to descendants of enslaved people in the U.S., while African American refers to immigrants from Africa, and Multiracial refers to individuals who do not identify with any racial group.

It played no significant role.

It actively opposed the movement.

It served as a hub for organizing and advocacy.

It focused solely on religious matters.