Movements and Debates

500,000

One million

Two million

Three million

Black soldiers were more likely to be assigned to combat roles than white soldiers.

Black soldiers and white soldiers generally served in integrated units and were treated equally.

Black soldiers often faced discrimination, segregation, and assignment to non-combat roles, while white soldiers did not.

Black soldiers received better equipment and training compared to white soldiers.

Serving as infantrymen in the European theater

Being the first African American military pilots

Developing new radar technology for the Air Force

Commanding integrated combat units in the Pacific

It proved that African American pilots were incapable of handling advanced aircraft.

It had no impact on the desegregation of the U.S. military.

It demonstrated the skill and bravery of African American pilots, contributing to the desegregation of the U.S. military.

It led to the immediate integration of all military units during the war.

To promote racial segregation in the United States

To achieve victory against fascism abroad and racism at home

To encourage African Americans to support the Axis powers

To advocate for the creation of a separate Black nation

Thompson organized protests, while the Pittsburgh Courier ignored the movement.

Thompson wrote a letter inspiring the campaign, and the Pittsburgh Courier adopted the Double V symbol, promoting the cause.

Thompson funded the campaign, while the Pittsburgh Courier opposed it.

Thompson served as a military leader, while the Pittsburgh Courier focused on economic issues.

The G.I. Bill was implemented fairly and equally for all veterans.

Black veterans were automatically granted higher benefits than white veterans.

Segregated colleges limited enrollment for Black veterans, and redlining prevented them from buying homes in certain areas.

Black veterans were exempt from repaying their loans.

Segregation allowed for specialized training programs that improved overall military effectiveness.

Segregation had no impact on military effectiveness as Black and white units performed equally well.

Segregation likely reduced military effectiveness by limiting the full utilization of available talent and resources.

Segregation improved military effectiveness by creating stronger bonds within segregated units.

Free healthcare for life

Guaranteed employment in government jobs

Funds for college tuition, low-cost home mortgages, and low-interest business startup loans

Land grants in the western territories

Their success had no impact on military policy.

Their exemplary performance challenged racial stereotypes and demonstrated the capabilities of Black pilots.

Their unit was immediately integrated into the Air Force, setting a precedent for other units.

Their efforts led to the creation of separate but equal flight programs for Black pilots.