Revise later
SpaceTo flip
If confident
All Flashcards
What is the effect of a single amino acid change in a protein's primary structure?
It can alter the folding of the protein, leading to changes in secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures, which can affect the protein's function. Example: Sickle cell anemia.
What is the effect of high temperature on a protein?
High temperature can cause a protein to denature, losing its 3D structure and function.
What is the effect of changing the pH of a solution on a protein?
Changes in pH can disrupt the interactions between R-groups, causing the protein to denature and lose its function.
Describe the process of protein denaturation.
Loss of a protein's native structure. This can be caused by changes in pH, salt concentration, temperature, or other factors. Denaturation leads to the protein becoming biologically inactive.
Describe nucleic acid polymerization.
New nucleotides are added to the 3' end of the growing strand, forming a phosphodiester bond between the phosphate group of the new nucleotide and the 3' hydroxyl of the existing nucleotide.
Describe the formation of a peptide bond.
Peptide bonds are formed between amino acids via dehydration synthesis, where a water molecule is removed.
Describe the formation of a glycosidic bond.
Glycosidic bonds are formed between two monosaccharides via dehydration synthesis, where a water molecule is removed.
Define: Monomer
A molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer.
Define: Polymer
A substance or material consisting of very large molecules, or macromolecules, composed of many repeating subunits.
Define: Nucleic Acid
A polymer consisting of nucleotide monomers; the blueprint for proteins and all cellular activities. DNA and RNA are examples.
Define: Protein
A biologically functional molecule consisting of one or more polypeptides folded and coiled into a specific three-dimensional structure.
Define: Carbohydrate
A sugar (monosaccharide) or one of its dimers (disaccharides) or polymers (polysaccharides).
Define: Lipid
Any of a group of large biological molecules, including fats, phospholipids, and steroids, that are insoluble in water.