All Flashcards
Label the diagram of facilitated diffusion showing a channel protein.
1: Channel Protein, 2: Phospholipid Bilayer, 3: Molecule being transported, 4: High Concentration, 5: Low Concentration
Label the diagram of facilitated diffusion showing a carrier protein.
1: Carrier Protein, 2: Phospholipid Bilayer, 3: Molecule being transported, 4: Binding Site, 5: Conformational Change
Label the diagram of the sodium-potassium pump.
1: Sodium ions (Na+), 2: Potassium ions (K+), 3: ATP, 4: Transport protein, 5: Phosphorylation site
Compare and contrast simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion.
Simple Diffusion: No protein required, moves down concentration gradient. Facilitated Diffusion: Requires protein (channel or carrier), moves down concentration gradient. Both: Passive transport, no ATP needed.
What are the key differences between channel proteins and carrier proteins?
Channel Proteins: Form a pore, faster transport, less specific. Carrier Proteins: Bind to molecule, slower transport, more specific, conformational change.
Compare primary and secondary active transport.
Primary Active Transport: Uses ATP directly. Secondary Active Transport: Uses energy from an existing ion gradient. Both: Move substances against their concentration gradient.
Compare and contrast passive and active transport.
Passive Transport: Moves down concentration gradient, no ATP needed. Active Transport: Moves against concentration gradient, requires ATP.
Differentiate between facilitated diffusion and active transport.
Facilitated Diffusion: Passive, moves down concentration gradient, uses membrane proteins. Active Transport: Requires ATP, moves against concentration gradient, uses membrane proteins.
What is the effect of a high concentration of glucose outside a cell?
Glucose will move into the cell down its concentration gradient via facilitated diffusion (if appropriate membrane proteins are present).
What happens if a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution?
Water will move into the cell via osmosis, potentially causing it to swell or burst.
What is the effect of inhibiting the sodium-potassium pump?
The electrochemical gradient across the cell membrane will be disrupted, affecting nerve and muscle cell function.
What happens when gated ion channels open?
Specific ions flow across the membrane down their electrochemical gradient, changing the membrane potential.
What is the effect of increasing the number of aquaporins in a cell membrane?
The rate of water transport across the membrane increases.