All Flashcards
Label the diagram of facilitated diffusion showing a channel protein.
1: Channel Protein, 2: Phospholipid Bilayer, 3: Molecule being transported, 4: High Concentration, 5: Low Concentration
Label the diagram of facilitated diffusion showing a carrier protein.
1: Carrier Protein, 2: Phospholipid Bilayer, 3: Molecule being transported, 4: Binding Site, 5: Conformational Change
Label the diagram of the sodium-potassium pump.
1: Sodium ions (Na+), 2: Potassium ions (K+), 3: ATP, 4: Transport protein, 5: Phosphorylation site
Compare and contrast simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion.
Simple Diffusion: No protein required, moves down concentration gradient. Facilitated Diffusion: Requires protein (channel or carrier), moves down concentration gradient. Both: Passive transport, no ATP needed.
What are the key differences between channel proteins and carrier proteins?
Channel Proteins: Form a pore, faster transport, less specific. Carrier Proteins: Bind to molecule, slower transport, more specific, conformational change.
Compare primary and secondary active transport.
Primary Active Transport: Uses ATP directly. Secondary Active Transport: Uses energy from an existing ion gradient. Both: Move substances against their concentration gradient.
Compare and contrast passive and active transport.
Passive Transport: Moves down concentration gradient, no ATP needed. Active Transport: Moves against concentration gradient, requires ATP.
Differentiate between facilitated diffusion and active transport.
Facilitated Diffusion: Passive, moves down concentration gradient, uses membrane proteins. Active Transport: Requires ATP, moves against concentration gradient, uses membrane proteins.
Describe the process of facilitated diffusion using a channel protein.
- Molecule approaches channel protein. 2. Molecule enters the hydrophilic channel. 3. Molecule passes through the membrane down its concentration gradient. 4. Molecule exits the channel on the other side of the membrane.
Outline the process of facilitated diffusion using a carrier protein.
- Molecule binds to the carrier protein. 2. Carrier protein changes shape. 3. Molecule is released on the other side of the membrane. 4. Carrier protein returns to its original shape.
What are the steps of primary active transport?
- Molecule binds to the transport protein. 2. ATP is hydrolyzed, providing energy. 3. Transport protein changes shape. 4. Molecule is released on the other side of the membrane, against its concentration gradient.
Describe the steps of the sodium-potassium pump.
- 3 Na+ ions bind to the pump. 2. ATP is hydrolyzed, phosphorylating the pump. 3. Pump changes shape, releasing 3 Na+ ions outside the cell. 4. 2 K+ ions bind to the pump. 5. Phosphate is released. 6. Pump returns to its original shape, releasing 2 K+ ions inside the cell.
Describe the process of secondary active transport.
- Primary active transport establishes a concentration gradient of ion A. 2. Ion A moves down its concentration gradient, releasing energy. 3. This energy is used to move another molecule B against its concentration gradient, via a cotransporter protein.