What is the effect of a high concentration of glucose outside a cell?

Glucose will move into the cell down its concentration gradient via facilitated diffusion (if appropriate membrane proteins are present).

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What is the effect of a high concentration of glucose outside a cell?

Glucose will move into the cell down its concentration gradient via facilitated diffusion (if appropriate membrane proteins are present).

What happens if a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution?

Water will move into the cell via osmosis, potentially causing it to swell or burst.

What is the effect of inhibiting the sodium-potassium pump?

The electrochemical gradient across the cell membrane will be disrupted, affecting nerve and muscle cell function.

What happens when gated ion channels open?

Specific ions flow across the membrane down their electrochemical gradient, changing the membrane potential.

What is the effect of increasing the number of aquaporins in a cell membrane?

The rate of water transport across the membrane increases.

Label the diagram of facilitated diffusion showing a channel protein.

1: Channel Protein, 2: Phospholipid Bilayer, 3: Molecule being transported, 4: High Concentration, 5: Low Concentration

Label the diagram of facilitated diffusion showing a carrier protein.

1: Carrier Protein, 2: Phospholipid Bilayer, 3: Molecule being transported, 4: Binding Site, 5: Conformational Change

Label the diagram of the sodium-potassium pump.

1: Sodium ions (Na+), 2: Potassium ions (K+), 3: ATP, 4: Transport protein, 5: Phosphorylation site

Describe the process of facilitated diffusion using a channel protein.

Molecule approaches channel protein. 2. Molecule enters the hydrophilic channel. 3. Molecule passes through the membrane down its concentration gradient. 4. Molecule exits the channel on the other side of the membrane.

Outline the process of facilitated diffusion using a carrier protein.

Molecule binds to the carrier protein. 2. Carrier protein changes shape. 3. Molecule is released on the other side of the membrane. 4. Carrier protein returns to its original shape.

What are the steps of primary active transport?

Molecule binds to the transport protein. 2. ATP is hydrolyzed, providing energy. 3. Transport protein changes shape. 4. Molecule is released on the other side of the membrane, against its concentration gradient.

Describe the steps of the sodium-potassium pump.

3 Na+ ions bind to the pump. 2. ATP is hydrolyzed, phosphorylating the pump. 3. Pump changes shape, releasing 3 Na+ ions outside the cell. 4. 2 K+ ions bind to the pump. 5. Phosphate is released. 6. Pump returns to its original shape, releasing 2 K+ ions inside the cell.

Describe the process of secondary active transport.

Primary active transport establishes a concentration gradient of ion A. 2. Ion A moves down its concentration gradient, releasing energy. 3. This energy is used to move another molecule B against its concentration gradient, via a cotransporter protein.

All Flashcards

What is the effect of a high concentration of glucose outside a cell?

Glucose will move into the cell down its concentration gradient via facilitated diffusion (if appropriate membrane proteins are present).

What happens if a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution?

Water will move into the cell via osmosis, potentially causing it to swell or burst.

What is the effect of inhibiting the sodium-potassium pump?

The electrochemical gradient across the cell membrane will be disrupted, affecting nerve and muscle cell function.

What happens when gated ion channels open?

Specific ions flow across the membrane down their electrochemical gradient, changing the membrane potential.

What is the effect of increasing the number of aquaporins in a cell membrane?

The rate of water transport across the membrane increases.

Label the diagram of facilitated diffusion showing a channel protein.

1: Channel Protein, 2: Phospholipid Bilayer, 3: Molecule being transported, 4: High Concentration, 5: Low Concentration

Label the diagram of facilitated diffusion showing a carrier protein.

1: Carrier Protein, 2: Phospholipid Bilayer, 3: Molecule being transported, 4: Binding Site, 5: Conformational Change

Label the diagram of the sodium-potassium pump.

1: Sodium ions (Na+), 2: Potassium ions (K+), 3: ATP, 4: Transport protein, 5: Phosphorylation site

Describe the process of facilitated diffusion using a channel protein.

Molecule approaches channel protein. 2. Molecule enters the hydrophilic channel. 3. Molecule passes through the membrane down its concentration gradient. 4. Molecule exits the channel on the other side of the membrane.

Outline the process of facilitated diffusion using a carrier protein.

Molecule binds to the carrier protein. 2. Carrier protein changes shape. 3. Molecule is released on the other side of the membrane. 4. Carrier protein returns to its original shape.

What are the steps of primary active transport?

Molecule binds to the transport protein. 2. ATP is hydrolyzed, providing energy. 3. Transport protein changes shape. 4. Molecule is released on the other side of the membrane, against its concentration gradient.

Describe the steps of the sodium-potassium pump.

3 Na+ ions bind to the pump. 2. ATP is hydrolyzed, phosphorylating the pump. 3. Pump changes shape, releasing 3 Na+ ions outside the cell. 4. 2 K+ ions bind to the pump. 5. Phosphate is released. 6. Pump returns to its original shape, releasing 2 K+ ions inside the cell.

Describe the process of secondary active transport.

Primary active transport establishes a concentration gradient of ion A. 2. Ion A moves down its concentration gradient, releasing energy. 3. This energy is used to move another molecule B against its concentration gradient, via a cotransporter protein.