All Flashcards
What are the key differences between mitosis and meiosis?
Mitosis: Produces identical cells, used for growth/repair. Meiosis: Produces unique cells, used for sexual reproduction.
Differentiate between independent assortment and crossing over.
Independent assortment: Random arrangement of chromosomes. Crossing over: Exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes.
Compare genotype and phenotype.
Genotype: Genetic makeup. Phenotype: Observable characteristics resulting from genotype and environment.
Briefly outline the process of meiosis.
Meiosis I: Homologous chromosomes separate. Meiosis II: Sister chromatids separate, resulting in four unique haploid cells.
What is the role of random fertilization in sexual reproduction?
Random fertilization increases genetic variation by creating unique combinations of alleles.
What is the effect of crossing over on genetic variation?
Crossing over creates new combinations of alleles on the same chromosome, increasing genetic diversity.
What is the effect of nondisjunction during meiosis?
Nondisjunction can lead to gametes with an abnormal number of chromosomes, potentially causing genetic disorders.
How does genetic variation affect natural selection?
Genetic variation provides the raw material upon which natural selection acts, leading to differential survival and reproduction.
What is the effect of random fertilization on offspring?
It increases genetic variation in offspring.