All Flashcards
What are the differences between DNA and RNA?
DNA: Double-stranded, contains deoxyribose sugar, uses thymine (T) | RNA: Single-stranded, contains ribose sugar, uses uracil (U)
What are the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic DNA?
Eukaryotic: Organized into chromosomes within the nucleus | Prokaryotic: Usually a single circular chromosome in the cytoplasm, may have plasmids
What are the differences between purines and pyrimidines?
Purines: Double-ring structure (A, G) | Pyrimidines: Single-ring structure (C, T, U)
What is the effect of complementary base pairing in DNA?
Ensures accurate DNA replication and transfer of genetic information.
What is the effect of the sequence of bases in DNA?
Encodes the genetic information that determines the traits of an organism.
What is the effect of plasmids carrying antibiotic resistance genes?
Allows bacteria to survive in the presence of antibiotics.
What is DNA?
Deoxyribonucleic acid, the primary carrier of genetic information; a double-stranded helix with a sugar-phosphate backbone and nitrogenous bases (A, T, C, G).
What is RNA?
Ribonucleic acid, single-stranded, uses uracil (U) instead of thymine (T), and plays a key role in protein synthesis. Also serves as genetic material in some viruses.
What are chromosomes?
Structures within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells made of DNA and proteins, which organize DNA.
What are plasmids?
Small circular DNA molecules found in prokaryotic cells, often carrying genes for antibiotic resistance.
What are purines?
Nitrogenous bases with a double-ring structure, including adenine (A) and guanine (G).
What are pyrimidines?
Nitrogenous bases with a single-ring structure, including cytosine (C), thymine (T) in DNA, and uracil (U) in RNA.