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  1. Biology
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What are the key differences between natural and artificial selection?
Natural selection: driven by environmental pressures, leads to adaptation. Artificial selection: driven by human choice, leads to desired traits.
Compare the selective force in natural vs. artificial selection.
Natural Selection: Environment | Artificial Selection: Humans
What is the primary difference in outcomes between natural and artificial selection?
Natural Selection: Adaptation to environment | Artificial Selection: Traits beneficial to humans
Differentiate between convergent evolution and artificial selection.
Convergent Evolution: Similar traits evolve independently due to similar environmental pressures. Artificial Selection: Humans intentionally breed for specific traits.
Compare the impact of natural and artificial selection on genetic diversity.
Natural Selection: Can increase or decrease genetic diversity based on environmental pressures. Artificial Selection: Often reduces genetic diversity due to selective breeding for specific traits.
What is the definition of natural selection?
The process where heritable phenotypic variations lead to differential reproductive success.
What is the definition of artificial selection?
Selective breeding to manipulate the phenotypic frequencies of a population or species.
Define phenotypic variety.
The range of different physical traits present in a population.
What is convergent evolution?
Unrelated organisms evolve similar traits due to similar environmental pressures.
Define allele frequency.
The proportion of a specific allele within a population's gene pool.
What is the effect of environmental pressures in natural selection?
Favoring certain traits, allowing better-adapted organisms to survive and reproduce.
What is the effect of humans intentionally breeding organisms with desirable traits?
Directed changes in specific traits, often for human benefit.
What is the effect of similar environmental pressures on unrelated organisms?
Evolution of similar traits (convergent evolution).
What is the effect of artificial selection on milk production in cows?
Increased milk production due to selective breeding of high-yield cows.
What is the effect of industrial pollution on moth populations?
Darkening of moth coloration due to natural selection favoring darker moths in polluted environments.