Cell Structure and Function
What type of molecule typically requires a transport protein to facilitate its movement across the cell membrane?
Polar molecules
Oxygen gas (O2)
Lipids
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Which factor does NOT directly influence membrane permeability?
Presence of aquaporins within the membrane structure.
Concentration gradients across the membrane.
Temperature changes around the membrane.
Nucleotide sequence in DNA.
When analyzing molecular data, what kind of mutation would not alter the amino acid sequence produced during protein synthesis?
Silent mutation
Nonsense mutation
Frameshift mutation
Mis-sense mutation
Which factor does not affect the rate of diffusion across a cellular membrane?
Cellular ATP levels
Temperature
Membrane surface area
Concentration gradient magnitude
What would most likely happen to a cell placed in a hypertonic solution due to its membrane permeability?
The cell would swell as water moves into the cell.
The cell would shrink as water moves out of the cell.
The cell's metabolic rate would increase.
There would be no change in the cell's volume.
What is the main function of cholesterol in animal cell membranes?
It synthesizes new membrane lipids.
It stabilizes membrane fluidity.
It serves as a receptor for hormones.
It acts as a transport protein.
Why would a nonpolar molecule typically diffuse through a cell membrane faster than an ionic substance?
Because it can passively cross the hydrophobic core easily
Since aqueous channels favor nonpolar transport
Due to fewer membrane receptors for ionic substances compared to nonpolar ones
Due to active transport processes specifically for nonpolar molecules

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Which phenomenon explains the increased frequency of a gene that encodes for a membrane protein increasing algae's resistance to a toxin in a polluted environment?
Bottleneck effect
Genetic drift
Gene flow
Natural selection
What is the main component making up cell walls in plant cells?
Lipids
Cellulose
Protein
Chitin
Which of the following would not easily pass directly through the cell membrane?
Molecular nitrogen
Atmospheric oxygen
Potassium ions
Carbon dioxide