Cell Structure and Function

Genetic diversity decreases due to the reduction of individuals contributing alleles to the gene pool.

There is no significant impact on genetic diversity since only those with beneficial traits survive.

Genetic diversity increases as new mutations arise quickly post-catastrophe for survival benefits.

Genetic diversity remains stable because populations tend to recover rapidly after such events with no loss of alleles.

The cell will swell as water moves in via osmosis.

The cell will initially shrink but eventually reach equilibrium and return to its original volume.

The cell volume will remain unchanged as there is no net movement of water.

The cell will shrink as water moves out via osmosis.

Bottleneck effect

Directional selection

Neutral variation

Founder effect

simple diffusion

Facilitated diffusion

endocytosis

Active transport

Accelerated growth rate due to CO₂ influx

Enhanced resistance to soil pathogens

Decreased water uptake from soil

Increased nutrient absorption efficiency

Water moves toward side A until equilibrium is disrupted further.

No net movement occurs as the system is already at dynamic equilibrium.

Water moves toward side B until equilibrium is reached.

Solutes move toward side A until equilibrium is reached.

Exocytosis

Endocytosis

Simple diffusion

Facilitated diffusion

Facilitated diffusion

Active transport

Osmosis

Diffusion

Sexual selection favors heterozygous individuals exclusively, maintaining two or more alleles at higher frequencies.

Sexual selection eliminates harmful recessive alleles as mates are chosen based on optimal health indicators.

Alleles associated with traits preferred by mates increase in frequency because they lead to more mating opportunities and offspring.

Allele frequencies remain constant as sexual selection impacts only phenotype expression without altering genotypes.

It uses energy from pre-existing ion gradients to drive transport of other substances such as glucose against their gradients.

It directly uses ATP to rapidly move ions across the membrane without relying on ion gradients.

It relies on simple diffusion to facilitate the movement of substances so ion channels remain open longer.

It self-regulates by preventing any molecular transport until cellular energy levels are stabilized sufficiently.