Heredity
In a dihybrid mouse where one gene determines fur color (B=black, b=brown) and another gene determines ear size (E=large ears, e=small ears), what is the probability that a single gamete produced by a heterozygous parent (BbEe) will carry both recessive alleles?
If a species of plant has a diploid number of 12, how many different combinations of chromosomes can exist in the gametes due to independent assortment alone?
48
64
24
12
What role do synaptonemal complexes play in meiosis?
They replicate DNA within each chromosome before meiotic division begins.
They prevent premature separation of sister chromatids during metaphase I.
They break down nuclear envelopes so spindle fibers can access the chromosomes.
They hold homologues together facilitating crossover between non-sister chromatids.
During which phase of meiosis do homologous chromosomes separate?
Anaphase I
Prophase II
Anaphase II
Metaphase I
Which aspect of meiosis most significantly contributes to genetic variation but does not necessarily result in a change in total chromosome number?
Synapsis formation during prophase II.
Separation of sister chromatids during anaphase I.
Crossing over during prophase I.
Independent assortment during anaphase II.
If a diploid organism with 8 chromosomes undergoes meiosis, how many unique gametes could be potentially produced considering independent assortment only?
4
16
256
64
In what way can translocation mutations that occur during crossing over impact both gene expression and evolutionary advantage?
By removing introns from pre-mRNA, affecting only post-transcriptional modification events
By increasing genomic stability, reducing mutation rates across all species
By altering gene location, potentially disrupting gene function or creating new genes
By duplicating entire sets of genes, leading exclusively to beneficial mutations

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During which phase of meiosis does crossing over occur, leading to an increase in genetic diversity?
Telophase II
Anaphase I
Metaphase II
Prophase I
What does random fertilization refer to?
A meiotic error causing abnormal numbers of chromosomes.
Exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes.
The alignment of chromosomes during metaphase.
The chance that any particular sperm will join a specific egg.
In a rapidly changing environment, what aspect of meiosis predominantly facilitates a population's ability to adapt?
Production of genetically unique gametes through independent assortment and crossing over.
Doubling the chromosome number prior to division ensuring genomic stability.
Reduction from diploid to haploid cells to conserve resources for survival.
Synapsis formation allowing for easier segregation of homologous chromosomes.