Ecology

Type I

Type III

Type IV

Type II

It reduces the amount of energy required for lung expansion during inhalation.

It allows for greater flexibility and resistance to damage from over-inflation or coughing.

It enhances blood storage capacity to maintain oxygen supply when breathing is temporarily halted.

It increases gas exchange efficiency by providing more area for oxygen and carbon dioxide to diffuse.

Slight increase plant density species exploit less-competitive niches resulting local extinction less drought-tolerant native plants

Slow steady reduction plant density compensated increased seed dispersal from distant populations via waterfowl

Dramatic decrease plant density below threshold required successful pollination ultimately impairing reproductive success

Minor transient reductions in density quickly recovered once typical rainfalls resume

Incorrectly conclude that immigration caused detrimental effects because it introduced foreign alleles into well-adapted native mice.

Assume all newly introduced alleles will be advantageous even without considering specific selective pressures present on said island.

Incorrectly assume full integration and breeding between immigrant mice and natives without any barriers or assortative mating.

Immigration led directly to higher fitness levels throughout the entire mouse population due to enhanced variation.

Regular seasonal changes that affect both populations symmetrically.

A sudden increase in predator efficiency due to an evolutionary adaptation.

A proportional increase in resources for both predator and prey populations.

An introduction of a disease that equally affects predators and prey.

Density-dependent factors only affect reproductive success while density-independent factors influence survival rates exclusively.

Both types of regulation have no significant effect on individual fitness since they operate at the community level rather than on populations.

Density-dependent factors affect fitness more significantly as population density increases whereas density-independent factors impact fitness regardless of density.

Density-independent regulation is primarily biotic while density-dependent regulation is mostly abiotic in nature.

Solar radiation due to lack of tree coverage increasing sun exposure to harmful levels.

Predation pressure from herbivores due to the new abundance of plant matter.

Nitrogen availability as soil development takes time limiting nutrients essential for plant growth.

Pollinator activity since initial flowering plants may lack appropriate animal pollinators needed for reproduction.

Oscillation

Logistic growth

Exponential growth

Stable equilibrium

Enhanced allelopathy leading to reduced invasion by other species within established communities.

Decreased plant community diversity due to outcompeting local variants with established adaptations.

Increased genetic mixing and potential introduction of alleles beneficial for adapting to different microhabitats.

Uniform distribution of plants leading to reduced resource competition among conspecifics.

A uniform size distribution within a prey population as predators eliminate outliers.

An increase in speed among prey animals, with faster individuals escaping predators more effectively.

A balance between fast and slow individuals as both have equal chances of survival against predators.

A random change in color among prey animals that does not affect their visibility to predators.