Ecology
Which of the following is an example of a density-independent factor?
Access to food
Predation
Disease
Natural disasters
In an ecosystem, what would most likely happen to the population size if a top predator is removed?
It would migrate.
It would remain unchanged.
It would increase.
It would decrease.
In a genetically diverse population experiencing consistent predation pressure, what evolutionary trend is most likely observable over several generations?
Development of varied adaptations increasing individual survivability against predators.
Increased mutation rates leading directly to advantageous adaptations against predation pressure.
No significant evolutionary trends as predation does not influence allele frequencies over time.
A steady decrease in genetic diversity as predation randomly removes individuals from the gene pool.
The presence of algae bloom in a lake could have what kind of impact on fish populations living there, especially if high-nutrient runoff continues to support the algae growth?
Migration of fish to areas with higher water clarity and better predation opportunities.
Less available oxygen leads to hypoxic conditions unsuitable for fish survival.
Increased primary production subsequently boosts overall fish biomass.
Development of resistance to toxins secreted by certain algae species.
If a species exhibits a Type I survivorship curve, what does this suggest about its survival pattern?
Most individuals survive to old age.
Few individuals survive into adulthood but then live relatively stable lives afterward.
Species experience constant mortality at all ages.
Many offspring die young but those who survive live very long lives.
Which of the following is an example of a density-independent factor?
Access to food
Weather and climate
Competition for resources
Disease
If two competing species inhabit an area where one has a competitive advantage with regards to resistance against disease prevalent there, how will this likely influence both populations?
Both species might co-evolve enhanced disease resistance leading towards mutualistic relationship development.
Competitive exclusion occurs resulting solely from physical contests between members across both populations not factoring disease resistance into account.
The subordinate species develops alternative strategies like niche specialization avoiding direct competition completely.
The dominant species' population will grow while suppressing growth or even causing decline in the subordinate species' numbers.

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When a population reaches its carrying capacity in a given environment, which factor is most likely to change first?
Temperature of the habitat
Migration patterns
Availability of resources
Birth rate
What impact might invasive plant species that effectively compete with native plants for light and nutrients have on local insect populations reliant on native flora?
Enhanced biodiversity since new plants introduce additional food sources previously unavailable locally supporting more varietal insects lives sustaining goals therefore intended originally perhaps even initially indented possibly too though not confirmed necessarily yet still remaining plausible theoretically assuming right circumstances giving rise opportunistically minded creatures.
Native insect declines due to reduced availability of host plants needed for sustenance purposes thereof being.
When examining a pedigree chart, which characteristic is indicative of a trait that is likely autosomal dominant?
The trait skips generations.
The trait only appears in one sex more frequently than the other.
Parents without the trait can have offspring with it.
The trait appears in every generation.