Ecology
Which of the following is an example of a density-independent factor?
Access to food
Predation
Disease
Natural disasters
In an ecosystem, what would most likely happen to the population size if a top predator is removed?
It would migrate.
It would remain unchanged.
It would increase.
It would decrease.
In a genetically diverse population experiencing consistent predation pressure, what evolutionary trend is most likely observable over several generations?
Development of varied adaptations increasing individual survivability against predators.
Increased mutation rates leading directly to advantageous adaptations against predation pressure.
No significant evolutionary trends as predation does not influence allele frequencies over time.
A steady decrease in genetic diversity as predation randomly removes individuals from the gene pool.
The presence of algae bloom in a lake could have what kind of impact on fish populations living there, especially if high-nutrient runoff continues to support the algae growth?
Migration of fish to areas with higher water clarity and better predation opportunities.
Less available oxygen leads to hypoxic conditions unsuitable for fish survival.
Increased primary production subsequently boosts overall fish biomass.
Development of resistance to toxins secreted by certain algae species.
If a species exhibits a Type I survivorship curve, what does this suggest about its survival pattern?
Most individuals survive to old age.
Few individuals survive into adulthood but then live relatively stable lives afterward.
Species experience constant mortality at all ages.
Many offspring die young but those who survive live very long lives.
Which of the following is an example of a density-independent factor?
Access to food
Weather and climate
Competition for resources
Disease
Which of the following factors is considered density-independent?
Migration
Access to food
Disease
Floods

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If two closely related plant species occupy similar ecological niches yet display different flowering times within their shared habitat, how might this divergence influence their respective pollinator interactions?
Alternate flowering schedules cause temporal isolation, preventing any ecological interaction between both plant communities.
Both plant types become reliant upon the same generalist pollinators, forcing more direct contestation over these biotic agents.
Different flowering times may reduce interspecies competition by attracting specific pollinators during each distinct blooming period.
Synchronization failure results in causing both plants to miss potential cross-species pollen transfer opportunities, ultimately compromising genetic diversity.
In an isolated island ecosystem, how would an invasive species most likely affect the gene flow within existing populations?
Disrupting local mating patterns and possibly introducing new alleles into the gene pool.
Leaving allelic frequencies unchanged as resident species avoid breeding with the invader.
Causing random fluctuations in allelic frequencies unrelated to fitness or adaptability factors.
Enhancing overall biodiversity by creating additional hybrid species through crossbreeding.
What impact might invasive plant species that effectively compete with native plants for light and nutrients have on local insect populations reliant on native flora?
Enhanced biodiversity since new plants introduce additional food sources previously unavailable locally supporting more varietal insects lives sustaining goals therefore intended originally perhaps even initially indented possibly too though not confirmed necessarily yet still remaining plausible theoretically assuming right circumstances giving rise opportunistically minded creatures.
Native insect declines due to reduced availability of host plants needed for sustenance purposes thereof being.