$a + (n-1)d$, where $a$ is the first term and $d$ is the common difference.

$a * r^{n-1}$, where $a$ is the first term and $r$ is the common ratio.

$\sum a_n(x-c)^n$

$\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \frac{x^n}{n!}$

$\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \frac{(-1)^n x^{2n+1}}{(2n+1)!}$

$\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \frac{(-1)^n x^{2n}}{(2n)!}$

$|R_n(x)| \leq \frac{M}{(n+1)!}|x-c|^{n+1}$, where M is the maximum value of the (n+1)th derivative.

$|Error| \leq |a_{n+1}|$, where $a_{n+1}$ is the (n+1)th term of the series.

1. Find $\lim_{n \to \infty} a_n$. 2. If the limit is not 0, the series diverges. 3. If the limit is 0, the test is inconclusive.

1. Choose a series $\sum b_n$ to compare with. 2. Find $\lim_{n \to \infty} \frac{a_n}{b_n} = c$. 3. If $c$ is finite and positive, both series converge or diverge together.

1. Find a series to compare. 2. Establish inequality. 3. If larger converges, smaller converges. If smaller diverges, larger diverges.

1. Verify $f(x)$ is continuous, positive, decreasing. 2. Evaluate $\int_{1}^{\infty} f(x) dx$. 3. If the integral converges, the series converges. If the integral diverges, the series diverges.

1. Check if terms decrease in absolute value. 2. Check if $\lim_{n \to \infty} a_n = 0$. 3. If both conditions are met, the series converges.

1. Find $\lim_{n \to \infty} |\frac{a_{n+1}}{a_n}| = L$. 2. If $L < 1$, the series converges. 3. If $L > 1$, the series diverges. 4. If $L = 1$, the test is inconclusive.

1. Use the Ratio Test. 2. Solve for $|x - c| < R$. 3. $R$ is the radius of convergence.

1. Find the radius of convergence, R. 2. Test the endpoints $c - R$ and $c + R$ for convergence. 3. Write the interval, including or excluding endpoints based on convergence.

1. Use Alternating Series Error Bound: $|Error| \leq |a_{n+1}|$. 2. Find the smallest $n$ such that $|a_{n+1}|$ is less than the specified error. 3. Sum the first $n$ terms.

1. Find derivatives of the function. 2. Evaluate derivatives at the center. 3. Plug into the Taylor series formula: $\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \frac{f^{(n)}(c)}{n!}(x-c)^n$.

If $\lim_{n \to \infty} a_n \neq 0$, then the series $\sum a_n$ diverges.

If $\lim_{n \to \infty} \frac{a_n}{b_n} = c$, where $c$ is finite and positive, then $\sum a_n$ and $\sum b_n$ either both converge or both diverge.

If $0 \leq a_n \leq b_n$ and $\sum b_n$ converges, then $\sum a_n$ converges. If $a_n \geq b_n \geq 0$ and $\sum b_n$ diverges, then $\sum a_n$ diverges.

If $f(x)$ is continuous, positive, and decreasing for $x \geq 1$, then $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} f(n)$ and $\int_{1}^{\infty} f(x) dx$ either both converge or both diverge.

If $a_n$ is decreasing and $\lim_{n \to \infty} a_n = 0$, then the alternating series $\sum (-1)^n a_n$ converges.

If $\lim_{n \to \infty} |\frac{a_{n+1}}{a_n}| = L$, then the series converges if $L < 1$, diverges if $L > 1$, and is inconclusive if $L = 1$.

The distance from the center of a power series within which the series converges.

The error in approximating an alternating series is less than or equal to the absolute value of the first omitted term.

The error in approximating a function using a Taylor polynomial is bounded by the Lagrange Error Bound, which depends on the (n+1)th derivative.

A series $\sum a_n$ converges absolutely if $\sum |a_n|$ converges.

A series $\sum a_n$ converges conditionally if $\sum a_n$ converges but $\sum |a_n|$ diverges.