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  1. AP Calculus
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What is the chain rule formula?

dydx=dydu⋅dudx\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{dy}{du} \cdot \frac{du}{dx}dxdy​=dudy​⋅dxdu​

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What is the chain rule formula?

dydx=dydu⋅dudx\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{dy}{du} \cdot \frac{du}{dx}dxdy​=dudy​⋅dxdu​

What is the formula for implicit differentiation of yny^nyn with respect to xxx?

ddx(yn)=n⋅yn−1⋅dydx\frac{d}{dx}(y^n) = n \cdot y^{n-1} \cdot \frac{dy}{dx}dxd​(yn)=n⋅yn−1⋅dxdy​

How to approximate the derivative using a table?

f(b)−f(a)b−a\frac{f(b) - f(a)}{b - a}b−af(b)−f(a)​

Explain the chain rule.

Differentiate the outer function, evaluated at the inner function, multiplied by the derivative of the inner function.

Explain implicit differentiation.

Differentiate both sides of the equation with respect to xxx, applying the chain rule to terms involving yyy, and solve for dydx\frac{dy}{dx}dxdy​.

What does the second derivative tell you?

The concavity of the original function and helps find points of inflection.

What does the first derivative tell you?

The slope of the original function.

How do you find the derivative from a graph?

The derivative at a point is the slope of the tangent line at that point.

How do you differentiate y=sin⁡(x2)y = \sin(x^2)y=sin(x2) using the chain rule?

  1. Identify inner (u=x2u = x^2u=x2) and outer (y=sin⁡(u)y = \sin(u)y=sin(u)) functions. 2. Differentiate: dydu=cos⁡(u)\frac{dy}{du} = \cos(u)dudy​=cos(u), dudx=2x\frac{du}{dx} = 2xdxdu​=2x. 3. Apply chain rule: dydx=cos⁡(x2)⋅2x=2xcos⁡(x2)\frac{dy}{dx} = \cos(x^2) \cdot 2x = 2x\cos(x^2)dxdy​=cos(x2)⋅2x=2xcos(x2).

How do you find dydx\frac{dy}{dx}dxdy​ for x2+y2=25x^2 + y^2 = 25x2+y2=25 using implicit differentiation?

  1. Differentiate both sides: 2x+2ydydx=02x + 2y\frac{dy}{dx} = 02x+2ydxdy​=0. 2. Solve for dydx\frac{dy}{dx}dxdy​: dydx=−xy\frac{dy}{dx} = -\frac{x}{y}dxdy​=−yx​.

Steps to find higher-order derivatives?

  1. Find the first derivative, f′(x)f'(x)f′(x). 2. Find the derivative of f′(x)f'(x)f′(x) to get the second derivative, f′′(x)f''(x)f′′(x). 3. Repeat to find higher derivatives.