Area between curves formula (functions of x).

$A = \int_{a}^{b} [f(x) - g(x)] dx$ , where $f(x) \ge g(x)$ on $[a, b]$ .

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Area between curves formula (functions of x).

$A = \int_{a}^{b} [f(x) - g(x)] dx$ , where $f(x) \ge g(x)$ on $[a, b]$ .

How to find the area between $f(x)=e^x$ and $g(x)=x$ on $[0,2]$ ?

$A = \int_{0}^{2} (e^x - x) dx$

Area between $f(x)$ and $g(x)$ from x = a to x = b.

$A = \int_{a}^{b} |f(x) - g(x)| dx$

What is the integral of $e^x$ ?

$\int e^x dx = e^x + C$

What is the integral of $x^n$ ?

$\int x^n dx = \frac{x^{n+1}}{n+1} + C$ , where $n \neq -1$

Area between $f(x) = ln(x+3)$ and $g(x) = x^4 + 2x^3$ from -2 to B

$A = \int_{-2}^{B} [ln(x+3) - (x^4 + 2x^3)] dx$

What is the general form for area between curves?

$A = \int_{a}^{b} (top \ function - bottom \ function) dx$

How to find the area if the top and bottom functions switch?

$\int_{a}^{c} (f(x) - g(x)) dx + \int_{c}^{b} (g(x) - f(x)) dx$ , where c is the intersection point.

What is the power rule for integration?

$\int x^n dx = \frac{x^{n+1}}{n+1} + C$

What is the integral of a sum or difference of functions?

$\int [f(x) \pm g(x)] dx = \int f(x) dx \pm \int g(x) dx$

Why do we subtract the integrals of two functions to find the area between them?

Subtracting the integrals effectively removes the area under the lower function from the area under the upper function, leaving only the area between them.

Explain the significance of finding intersection points when calculating the area between curves.

Intersection points define the limits of integration, indicating where the curves bound the area.

Why is it important to determine which function is 'on top'?

The 'top' function must be the minuend to ensure the area is positive, as area is always a positive quantity.

What happens if you integrate with the incorrect order (bottom - top)?

The result will be the negative of the actual area. Take the absolute value to correct.

How does the definite integral relate to the area?

The definite integral gives the signed area between a curve and the x-axis. For area between curves, it gives the area between the two curves.

Explain why absolute value is sometimes needed when finding the area between curves.

Absolute value is needed when the top and bottom functions switch places within the interval of integration, ensuring the area is always positive.

Concept of finding area between curves.

The area between two curves is found by integrating the difference of the top and bottom functions over an interval [a, b].

What is the geometric interpretation of the definite integral?

It represents the area under a curve between two points on the x-axis.

What happens if the functions intersect multiple times?

You must divide the integral into multiple integrals, one for each region where the top and bottom functions remain the same.

Explain the importance of the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus.

It links differentiation and integration, allowing us to evaluate definite integrals using antiderivatives.

How does the graph of the derivative relate to the area between curves?

The derivative can help identify where the top and bottom functions switch, indicating where to split the integral.

What does the graph of $f(x) - g(x)$ represent?

It represents the vertical distance between the two curves at each x-value. The area under this curve is the area between f(x) and g(x).

How can you visually estimate the area between curves from a graph?

Approximate the region with geometric shapes (rectangles, triangles) and sum their areas.

What does the intersection of two curves indicate on a graph?

It indicates the points where the functions have equal values, defining the limits of integration.

What does the sign of $f(x) - g(x)$ tell you?

If positive, $f(x)$ is above $g(x)$ . If negative, $g(x)$ is above $f(x)$ .

How can you use a graphing calculator to visualize the area between curves?

Shade the region between the curves to visually confirm the area you're calculating.

What does a larger area between curves indicate?

It indicates a greater difference in the values of the functions over the given interval.

How does the concavity of the curves affect the area?

The concavity doesn't directly affect the calculation, but it influences how the area is distributed.

What if the graph is symmetric?

You can integrate over half the interval and multiply by 2 to find the total area.

How does the area between curves relate to the average value of a function?

The average value can be used to find a rectangle with the same area as the area under the curve. The area between curves can be used to find the average difference between two functions.