All Flashcards
What is the effect of a lower boiling point in distillation?
The substance evaporates first and is separated from the mixture.
What is the effect of a substance being insoluble in a solvent during filtration?
The substance is trapped by the filter paper.
What is the effect of high polarity on a compound in TLC with a nonpolar solvent?
The compound moves a shorter distance on the TLC plate.
Compare homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures.
Homogeneous: uniform composition, components not visible. Heterogeneous: non-uniform composition, components visible.
Differentiate between separation by distillation and filtration.
Distillation: separates liquids based on boiling points. Filtration: separates solids from liquids.
Compare polar and nonpolar substances in TLC.
Polar: Attracted to the polar stationary phase, moves less. Nonpolar: Attracted to the nonpolar mobile phase, moves more.
What are the general steps of distillation?
- Heat the liquid mixture. 2. The substance with the lowest boiling point evaporates. 3. Vapor is cooled and condenses. 4. Collect the separated liquid.
What are the steps of filtration?
- Prepare the filter. 2. Pour the mixture through the filter. 3. Liquid passes through. 4. Solid remains on the filter.
Outline the general steps of Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC).
- Spot the sample on the TLC plate. 2. Place the plate in a solvent. 3. Solvent moves up the plate by capillary action. 4. Components separate based on polarity. 5. Visualize the separated components.