All Flashcards
What is the definition of a proton?
A subatomic particle located in the nucleus with a charge of +1 and a mass of approximately 1 amu.
What is the definition of a neutron?
A subatomic particle located in the nucleus with a charge of 0 and a mass of approximately 1 amu.
What is the definition of an electron?
A subatomic particle orbiting the nucleus with a charge of -1 and negligible mass.
What is the definition of atomic number?
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the element's identity.
What is the definition of mass number?
The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
What is the definition of valence electrons?
Electrons located in the outermost s and p orbitals of an atom; they determine chemical properties.
What is the definition of electron configuration?
The arrangement of electrons within an atom, specifying the energy levels and sublevels occupied.
What is the effect of increasing the magnitude of charge in Coulomb's Law?
Increases the electric force between the particles.
What is the effect of increasing the distance between charged particles in Coulomb's Law?
Decreases the electric force between the particles.
What is the effect of having more valence electrons?
The atom is more likely to form chemical bonds and participate in chemical reactions.
What are the steps to writing electron configurations?
1: Determine the number of electrons. 2: Apply the Aufbau principle. 3: Follow the order of increasing sublevel energies (1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, etc.). 4: Use the periodic table as a guide.
What are the steps to drawing orbital diagrams?
1: Determine the electron configuration. 2: Represent each orbital as a box. 3: Follow the Aufbau principle, Pauli exclusion principle, and Hund's rule to fill the orbitals with arrows representing electrons.
What are the steps to determining valence electrons?
1: Write the electron configuration. 2: Identify the outermost shell (highest principal quantum number). 3: Count the electrons in the s and p orbitals of the outermost shell.