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What is the definition of a proton?
A subatomic particle located in the nucleus with a charge of +1 and a mass of approximately 1 amu.
What is the definition of a neutron?
A subatomic particle located in the nucleus with a charge of 0 and a mass of approximately 1 amu.
What is the definition of an electron?
A subatomic particle orbiting the nucleus with a charge of -1 and negligible mass.
What is the definition of atomic number?
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the element's identity.
What is the definition of mass number?
The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
What is the definition of valence electrons?
Electrons located in the outermost s and p orbitals of an atom; they determine chemical properties.
What is the definition of electron configuration?
The arrangement of electrons within an atom, specifying the energy levels and sublevels occupied.
What is the effect of increasing the magnitude of charge in Coulomb's Law?
Increases the electric force between the particles.
What is the effect of increasing the distance between charged particles in Coulomb's Law?
Decreases the electric force between the particles.
What is the effect of having more valence electrons?
The atom is more likely to form chemical bonds and participate in chemical reactions.
What are the differences between core and valence electrons?
Core Electrons: Located in inner shells, do not participate in bonding. | Valence Electrons: Located in the outermost shell, determine chemical properties and bonding behavior.
What are the differences between the Bohr model and the modern quantum mechanical model of the atom?
Bohr Model: Electrons orbit the nucleus in fixed, circular paths with specific energy levels. | Quantum Mechanical Model: Electrons exist in orbitals (regions of probability) with different shapes and energy levels, described by quantum numbers.