All Flashcards
Describe the process of distillation.
Separates liquids based on differences in boiling points: vaporize, then condense.
Describe the process of filtration.
Use a filter to separate solids from liquids.
Describe the process of evaporation.
Boil off the solvent to leave the solute behind.
Describe the process of chromatography.
Separates substances based on interaction with a stationary phase.
Describe the dilution process.
Lowering the concentration of a solution, typically by adding more solvent.
Compare amorphous and crystalline solids.
Amorphous: Disorganized, no repeating pattern. Crystalline: Highly ordered, repeating structure.
Compare solids, liquids, and gases in terms of shape and volume.
Solids: Fixed shape and volume. Liquids: Fixed volume, variable shape. Gases: Variable shape and volume.
Compare intermolecular and intramolecular forces.
Intermolecular: Between molecules. Intramolecular: Within molecules.
Compare effusion and diffusion.
Effusion: Gas passes through a small opening. Diffusion: Molecules spread out and mix.
Compare saturated and supersaturated solutions.
Saturated: Contains max solute at a given temperature. Supersaturated: Contains more solute than normally possible.
What is the effect of increasing temperature on gas particle velocity?
Increases the average velocity of gas particles.
What is the effect of low temperature and high pressure on real gases?
Causes real gases to deviate from ideal behavior.
What happens when light reaches a certain threshold frequency on a metal?
Electrons are ejected from the metal (photoelectric effect).
What is the effect of stronger IMFs on viscosity?
Increases viscosity.
What happens when a nonpolar molecule experiences a temporary shift in electron distribution?
Temporary dipole is created, leading to London Dispersion Forces.