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What are the differences between crystalline and amorphous solids?
Crystalline: Ordered 3D structure | Amorphous: Disordered structure
Compare cohesive and adhesive forces.
Cohesive: Forces between liquid molecules | Adhesive: Forces between liquid and container.
Compare a concave and convex meniscus.
Concave: Adhesive forces > cohesive forces | Convex: Cohesive forces > adhesive forces.
Compare the particle movement in solids, liquids and gases.
Solids: vibrate in place | Liquids: move past each other | Gases: move rapidly in straight lines
Compare the compressibility of solids, liquids and gases.
Solids: virtually incompressible | Liquids: virtually incompressible | Gases: compressible
Compare the diffusion rate of solids, liquids and gases.
Solids: extremely slow | Liquids: slow | Gases: rapid
What is the definition of matter?
Anything that has mass and takes up space.
What is a crystalline solid?
A solid with an ordered, three-dimensional structure.
What is an amorphous solid?
A solid with a disordered structure.
Define surface tension.
The tendency of liquids to minimize their surface area due to imbalanced intermolecular forces at the surface.
What is capillary action?
The spontaneous rising of a liquid against gravity.
Define cohesive forces.
Forces between liquid molecules.
Define adhesive forces.
Forces between liquid molecules and the container.
What is viscosity?
A liquid's resistance to flow.
What is density?
Mass per unit volume: D = m/V.
What is the effect of stronger IMFs on surface tension?
Higher surface tension.
What is the effect of higher temperature on surface tension?
Lower surface tension.
What is the effect of stronger IMFs on viscosity?
Higher viscosity.
What is the effect of higher temperature on viscosity?
Lower viscosity.
What causes a concave meniscus?
Adhesive forces being stronger than cohesive forces.
What causes a convex meniscus?
Cohesive forces being stronger than adhesive forces.